manual solution structural dynamics mario paz
LINK 1 ENTER SITE >>> Download PDF
LINK 2 ENTER SITE >>> Download PDF
File Name:manual solution structural dynamics mario paz.pdf
Size: 2417 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBook
Category: Book
Uploaded: 22 May 2019, 14:50 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 816 votes.
Status: AVAILABLE
Last checked: 8 Minutes ago!
In order to read or download manual solution structural dynamics mario paz ebook, you need to create a FREE account.
eBook includes PDF, ePub and Kindle version
✔ Register a free 1 month Trial Account.
✔ Download as many books as you like (Personal use)
✔ Cancel the membership at any time if not satisfied.
✔ Join Over 80000 Happy Readers
manual solution structural dynamics mario pazOne should spend 1 hour daily practicing these MCQs for 2-3 months to learn and assimilate Power Electronics subject comprehensively. This way of systematic learning will prepare anyone easily for Power Electronics exams, contests, online tests, quizzes, MCQ-tests, viva-voce, interviews, and certifications.You can practice the MCQs chapter by chapter starting from the 1st chapter or you can jump to any chapter of your choice.Wish you the best in your endeavor to learn and master Power Electronics. Connect with us to Instant Access ISBNs are for individuals purchasing with credit cards or PayPal. Savvas Learning Company is a trademark of Savvas Learning Company LLC. Please try again. Learn more about our oscilloscopes. How much variation in current is considered enough to cause a fault. Why can’t I just use a circuit breaker. What does a ground-fault protection device do. What alternatives provide a more secure and reliable power source. In which situations would one prefer to use an ultra-capacitor versus an all-in-one multi-power solution. LEM’s ART Rogowski coil design provides Class 0.5 accuracy for substation and smart building applications. Topics include electrical energy and power, types of electricity and load, single phase and three phase applications, and more. All rights reserved. Below article will solve this puzzle of yours. Just take a look. Hope this post is helpful to you. Have a great day ! Cancel reply Notify me of new posts by email. Enter Your Email Address We started EasyEngineering as a passion, and now it’s empowering many readers by helping them to make educational contents from their blog. learn more. These book are of Kreatryx coaching institute. It is highly useful for both the students as well as working professionals who are preparing for GATE as it comes handy while traveling long distances. The reason is the electronic devices divert your attention and also cause strains while reading eBooks.http://www.gamainvest.sk/images/data/building-code-manual-county-of-los-angeles.xml
- Tags:
- manual solution structural dynamics mario paz, manual solution structural dynamics mario paz solution manual, manual solution structural dynamics mario paz, manual solution structural dynamics mario paz free download, manual solution structural dynamics mario paz pdf download.
This is the reason why K-Notes is specifically intended for Quick Revision and should not be considered as comprehensive study material. It is highly useful for both the students as well as working professionals who are preparing for GATE as it comes handy while traveling long distances. For any quarries, Disclaimer are requested to kindly contact us, We assured you we will do our best. We DO NOT SUPPORT PIRACY, this copy was provided for students who are financially troubled but deserving to learn. Thank you Hope this post is helpful to you. It also refers to a subject of research in electrical engineering which deals with design, control, computation and integration of nonlinear, time varying energy processing electronic systems with fast dynamics. Relevant answer Myasar Alattar Jul 11, 2021 Answer use excel sheet View 0 Recommendations Sveinung Attestog asked a question related to Power Electronics How to use a bi-directional DC-supply as a load. Question 1 answer Jun 29, 2021 Hello Anyone who has experience with operating a bidirectional DC-power supply as a load. I was primarily wondering if can directly just connect the 3-phase rectifier bridge ( ) between the generator and the DC-supply(sink). Are there any need to reduce the ripple output of the rectifier. I tried to simulate a simplified model in Simulink where I had the load represented by a resistor or a current source. See attached figure. The input current is alternating, though it does have harmonics. So the output voltage wil have a frequency of 100 Hz and after passing through the rectifier the ripple will have a fundamental frequency of 600 Hz. So the filter is needed to recude the voltage ripple. But when I set a capacitor across the rectifer DC output terminals, the input current gets amplitude peaks that is 2 to 3 times larger than the average value of the output current. I also obsered this with experiment. Is there a filter which is less harsh on the input.http://cityini.com/files/fckeditor/elite-glucometer-manual.xml Smaller pk-pk amplitude and less smaller harmonics magnitudes relative to the fundamental component. The attaced figure show the input (yellow) and output (blue) of voltage (top) and current (bottom). Relevant answer Omar H. Abdalla Jun 17, 2021 Answer You may do research in smart inverters. View 30 Recommendations Kamal Aghayev asked a question related to Power Electronics IGBT or MOSFET is more suitable for use in 5-level cascaded h-bridge inverter. Question 9 answers Apr 10, 2017 I'm simulating different modulation techniques based on the mentioned topology. Question 4 answers Jan 1, 2021 Respected Prof. Dr. XXXXXXX; I hope you are doing well and are in good health. My name is Engr. Muhammad Muneeb. I am currently studying in 7th-semester and doing BSc Electrical Power Engineering from The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. My 7th semester will be completed at the end of Jan 2021 and my 8th semester by the end of June or mid of July 2021. I have worked on mini (semester) projects like Digital Thermometer using Arduino, Obstacle avoiding Robot using Ultrasonic sensor and currently working on Single-phase Smart Grid Tie Inverter as my Final Year Project. I am also doing research and will publish a paper with one of my department teachers; who is doing a Ph.D. in Electrical Power Engineering. I just saw a Post XXXXXX on the Facebook group regarding a research position for the Master's Program in Machine learning and robotics-related field at XXXXXX University. I have also read about your projects and achievements. I am very enthusiastic to conduct research and pursue MS under your supervision. I have attached my Cv and transcript (currently only 5th semester available) with this email and looking forward to hearing from you soon. Also if you need anything else from me please ask me as well. I shall be thankful for your response. Sincerely. Muhammad Muneeb.https://www.cocreationsmanager.com/blog/engineering-economy-mcgraw-hill-solution-manual Question 11 answers Oct 13, 2020 I am looking for new interesting fields to do research on power electronics. Relevant answer Abdelghani Rouini May 15, 2021 Answer Control and optimization of soft-commutated converters Diagnostics of power electronic converters View 14 Recommendations Lambada Puneeth Raj asked a question related to Power Electronics Energy lost during the turn on transition in buck converter Question 8 answers May 11, 2021 When mosfet is turned off there is a reverse voltage across body diode and the depletion region of drain-source diode(Cds) gets charged. As for the diode, it is forward biased and there is no stored charge across its depletion capacitance(Cj). When we turn on the mos the stored charge in Cds gets dumped into the channel of mosfet and gets wasted and the Cj gets charged. During the turn off transition of mos the Cds gets charged now and the charge stored in Cj gets discharged through the load. But that doesn't add up with the result given here. Please correct me if I am wrong and explain what is going on. Thanks in advance Screenshot (298).png 304.67 KB Relevant answer Thomas Cuff May 12, 2021 Answer Hi Lambada Puneeth Raj, You are being deceived by an inaccurate and incomplete model. These two capacitances are both in parallel with the diode. That is referring to the fact that C j should actually be written as C j (V) because it is a nonlinear function of the reverse voltage difference across the diode. When the MOSFET is turned on, it shock excites the LCR circuit into a damped oscillation. The circuit oscillates because of L and C, and it is a dampled oscillation due to the load resistor R. In order to prevent a negative voltage difference from appearing across the load R, a clamping diode D is in the circuit. When the damped oscillation attempts to reverse direction, the clamping diode becomes forward biased and essentially stops the oscillation. Now, as you mentioned, when the MOSFET is turned off, its C ds is charged to the voltage difference, v g. The clamping didoe, D, will have its diffusion capacitance charged to a value somewhat less than v g, depending on the degree of damping from the load R, when the damped oscillation attempts to reverse direction. There is a lot being left out of the description of the boost converter. Regards, Tom Cuff View 16 Recommendations Lambada Puneeth Raj asked a question related to Power Electronics Ringing in this kind of circuit Question 12 answers May 10, 2021 In this circuit the capacitor is junction capacitance of diode and ringing takes place here. The third plot is voltage across diode. As the stored minority charge inductor is stored with negative current and it need a path to flow. My doubt is where does this current actually(physically) flow. I mean the junction capacitance is modelled from the depletion region meaning that it will flow through diode again but diode cant conduct in negative direction. Please explain me what is exactly going on here and tell me where am I going wrong. Thanks in advance ringing inductor in series with diode.JPG 10.52 KB ringing inductor in series with diode graphs.JPG 11.78 KB Relevant answer Thomas Cuff May 10, 2021 Answer Hello Lambada Puneeth Raj, Please provide us with a better picture of your circuit and better pictures of your three waveforms. As it stands, it is very difficult to see any details. I have make some effort to simulate but this work has not been succeeded yet. Anyone have experienced this work. If yes, it would be very nice if you recommend some tutorial or related documents. Question 6 answers Mar 29, 2021 My doubt is when we intend to negative voltage from sinusoidal voltage as shown in the picture below, how does T3,T4 conducts when they are reverse biased(in positive half cycle). Question 3 answers Mar 24, 2021 Hi, Can anyone guide me on which cheap FPGA kit can I used for linear as well as non-linear type controller implementation in Power Electronics Applications. View 0 Recommendations Ju Cheng asked a question related to Power Electronics Auto-adjustable ultrasonic generator Question 9 answers Feb 23, 2021 I am working on the design of an auto-adjustable 25khz 2000W ultrasonic generator(power supply). I am looking for books or websites or papers that can help me in my work. If you have a circuit design designed for this purpose, I would be grateful if you could share it with me.Conference Paper Digitization of hf ultrasonic signals used in corrosion detection View 11 Recommendations James Keen asked a question related to Power Electronics Why are the modelled and circuit system different in response for controlled buck converter. The controllers are designed and perfectly fit the transfer function system but once applied to the circuit system things go astray. As can be seen from the image below of the graphs (1) and (2) show to be outliers in comparison to there transfer function counterparts. I do not know why the disparities are occurring since the transfer function system and circuit system are not far off one another. I can provide the proof of this if wanted. I can supply the Simulink file also if wished. Any help in the right direction is appreciated. I currently think integral windup may be taking place but I am not sure. But several possible explanations are: a) If the converter is non-synchronous (i.e. with a diode), than one problem could be that there could be a change in operation modes form DCM to CCM and vice versa during start up. The modelled transfer just describes CCM mode.Therefore in the modelled transfer function the gain may be changing (as this depends on the steady state duty cycle). View 20 Recommendations Silpa Baburajan asked a question related to Power Electronics Can anyone please suggest to me a simple way to find Kp Kr values for PR controller. Can anyone please suggest to me a simple way to find Kp Kr values for the PR controller. Your answers would be very helpful and I appreciate your help. Kind regards, Silpa Relevant answer Muhammad Abid Saeed Feb 21, 2021 Answer Article A Systematic Method for Designing a PR Controller and Active. View 15 Recommendations Ruchi Kumari asked a question related to Power Electronics How do I connect DAB DC DC Converter to a battery in matlab simulation. Question 3 answers Feb 10, 2021 I am trying to model a DAB converter and I need to observe the power transfeered to the load side on varying the phase shift between two bridges, hence I couldnt take a constant load e.g resistance. So i am planning to add a energy storage element e.g battery or something to notice in the change in out voltage and then power delivered. Relevant answer Ruchi Kumari Feb 13, 2021 Answer Md Zubair Alam Emon there is battery block in matlab.View 0 Recommendations Malugu VINAY Kumar asked a question related to Power Electronics How to reduce the spikes in DC bus voltage in a DC Microgrid. Question 5 answers Nov 13, 2020 I am working on a standalone DC Microgrid with PV and Battery with a load interfaced to a common DC bus through power electronic interfaces. The interface of battery is a non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter, through which the DC bus voltage is being regulated at a reference value(48 V in our case). Now under the case of variable irradiance and variable load, I am experiencing spikes in voltage especially at the instants of load changes. The filter design of the power electronic interfaces has been proper. Can someone help me in solving this problem. The DC bus voltage variation is attached. Question 6 answers Oct 16, 2020 I am working on a project in which I need to control the duty cycle of the pulse given to mosfet in an AC to DC converter.The mosfets are connected to LCL filter to give a regualted 5V.The output voltage and a reference of 5V error is taken and a compensator is connected.The output is compared using PWM and then sent to mosfet.Do we need mosfet driver in between?What kind of mosfet driver should I use in multisim?Can I get any reference?Should we solve this using bode plot?Should I use PID controller to decrease the error and should I simulate in MATLAB using PID controller ?As I find it easy Relevant answer Jorge Humberto Urrea-Quintero Jan 13, 2021 Answer Hi, It would be that this reference can help: Article Robust Control of Shunt Active Power Filters: A Dynamical Mo. PD: Matlab implementation codes are available. View 0 Recommendations P. Arvind asked a question related to Power Electronics What should be the core material for an inductor used as an LC filter for carrier frequency of 4 kHz. Will it be a ferrite type core or CRGO. Why? Relevant answer Pritha Roy Jan 8, 2021 Answer The design of the inductor and the core material selection in the LCL or LC filter of an inverter is dependent upon the carrier frequency of the PWM. View 0 Recommendations Ravi Verma asked a question related to Power Electronics Cloud Applications to Battery Management Systems?? Question 1 answer Jun 18, 2020 I am preparing a layout for designing a cloud platform (IoT application) for a battery management system. The voltage, current and temperature of the battery would be recorded. The data from the BMS would be sent via hardware such as Raspberry Pi, etc. Since everything is on design phase, What could be the possible challenges to this application. Are the data fetched on time or time delay estimated is to be done?? Relevant answer Weihan Li Jan 7, 2021 Answer Hi Ravi, you can check the work from our group in developing the cloud battery management systems: Article Digital twin for battery systems: Cloud battery management s. View 0 Recommendations Usama Dar asked a question related to Power Electronics Thesis topics in filed of power Electronics Question 3 answers Jan 1, 2021 I need to write my masters thesis in area of power Electronics can anyone tell me which topics in power Electronics will be good to have research on it. Thanks Relevant answer Nasreddine Attou Jan 2, 2021 Answer Recent research has focused on the following themes: Application of artificial intelligence methods in switching control in multi-level inverters. View 0 Recommendations Avi Patel asked a question related to Power Electronics Looking for courses, books, any resources Analog Electronics, Embedded System for power electronics Question 7 answers Dec 8, 2020 Hello Folks I am a recent graduate and started my career in the Power Electronics field. It's really great field and I am lucky to get an opportunity to learn PCB design, control of power supply, reliability analysis. My study background more related to power engineering and I want to be an expert in Analog Electronics, Digital Electronics, and Embedded control systems. Can you please anyone guide me for each field (Analog, Digital Electronics, Embedded system) what resources I should use. It would be really great help Thanks Avi Relevant answer Lee Walker Dec 11, 2020 Answer Hi Avi, The best book I had during my university years was this one: It covers almost every hardware topic from low noise analogue to digital and power electronics. It even touches on embedded software but that part might be a bit dated now. This will give you a really good overview of many topics. The best book I found for embedded software is this one: Chapter 13 takes you from the simplest of round-robin programs up to a real time scheduler in a few simple steps. Schedulers are the basis for most operating systems and they are essential if you want to do any real-time control of anything. When you get around to designing PCBs then ignore anything you might read in data sheets and application notes. Look at any book written by Ralph Morrison, especially this one: Despite the name it's an invaluable source of information on how to route a PCB to get your design to pass an EMC test. View 14 Recommendations Kah Yung Yap asked a question related to Power Electronics How to accelerate the adoption of grid-connected solar energy and replace conventional power generation. Question 5 answers May 25, 2020 As the penetration of grid-connected solar energy increases, is it technically possible to replace most of the conventional power generations including coal, gas and natural gas in modern power grid. Is there any critical technical challenges we need to overcome. Plus, there are many technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), smart grid, blockchain and other advanced terminologies available for solar energy. From these perspectives, will the solar energy eventually replaces conventional power generation or it will be limited as a supplementary energy source for existing power system which is ideal for remote and vast area. Welcome to exchange your valuable perspectives on the future of solar energy. Relevant answer Abdelhalim abdelnaby Zekry Dec 8, 2020 Answer Dear Kah Yung Yap, Please see my road map for the transformation from conventional to PV generation in the paper at the link: Article A road map for transformation from conventional to photovolt. Best wishes View 36 Recommendations Mohammad Ashhar asked a question related to Power Electronics How to tune pi controller for grid connected voltage source converter (space vector PWM) for dc bus voltage and current control in a DC micrgrid. Question 5 answers Oct 17, 2020 I have tuned the PI controller for the voltage control loop and inner control loop. On the DC bus, there is a boost converter connected which is used to transfer power from renewable generation. But on connecting it with DC Bus (microgrid) it is not working properly. Mg.pdf 374.35 KB Relevant answer Jorge Humberto Urrea-Quintero Dec 8, 2020 Answer Hi Mohammad Ashhar, Maybe you would like to take a look at the following paper: Article Robust Control of Shunt Active Power Filters: A Dynamical Mo. Codes to reproduce results are available and robust stable PI controllers were successfully tuned. Best View 7 Recommendations Ruchi Kumari asked a question related to Power Electronics How does connecting a capactior across switch in converters contributes toward reducing losses. Question 3 answers Dec 1, 2020 How does connecting a capacitor across switch in converters contributes toward reducing losses. Relevant answer Somboon Sooksatra Dec 3, 2020 Answer In fact, there is a parasitic capacitance across MOSFET’s junction. This loss will be significant when switching at high frequency. Therefore, every ZVS converter topology has to include this capacitor in the circuit when doing analysis. Question 64 answers Mar 26, 2018 Journals with review time of 3-4 weeks and publication time of 1. Relevant answer Tabish Nazir Mir Nov 30, 2020 Answer IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics ( JESTPE) and IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics are both pretty fast. First review expected within a month and a half. Final publication in 6 months. View 18 Recommendations Khaja Mohiuddin asked a question related to Power Electronics What are Power electronics applications in Drones. Question 3 answers Nov 27, 2020 Drones are being improved in many different ways according to their applications. Perhaps, what are the Power electronics Improvement that can be done in the system of the drones In the future. Relevant answer Mohamed Benbouzid Nov 27, 2020 Answer Converters allowing optimal EMS and addressing weight issues. Have a look at the attached review paper. ELSEVIER APEN 2019 BOUKO BERINE.pdf 5.97 MB View 2 Recommendations Fahad Abu Khald asked a question related to Power Electronics Wrong measurement of the PV model with a buck converter-simulink. I tried to use it with a buck converter and a resistive load. Also, when I changing the load resistor a little bit, I get output current of 12A. You can see the picture below. Otherwise it doesn't work. I also suggest you try the pv array block that already exist in simulink library. Question 9 answers Nov 4, 2020 I have noticed my battery SOC keep on increasing even before I close the switch between Constant current source and battery. Any idea why this is happening. Tried manually deleting the connection between CC source and battery then it's staying at same soc and no battery voltage rising happens. Attached model and result waveforms screenshot Upload.PNG 97.86 KB Relevant answer Abdelhalim abdelnaby Zekry Nov 8, 2020 Answer The solution for the current source is to switch the current source it self. That is to use instead of a continuous current source an interrupted current source. Which means the current source will a pulse source. Best wishes. View 32 Recommendations Peyman Darvish asked a question related to Power Electronics Is it still possible to submit a manuscript on IEEE (Transactions on Industrial Electronics) for the filed of WPT ( wireless power transfer ). Question 6 answers Sep 28, 2020 Unfortunately on the section of Manuscript Subject I could not find the WPT subject. In case it is not possible to submit a manuscript on IEEE (Transactions on Industrial Electronics) for the mentioned field, could you please suggest me some other IEEE transactions journals which have higher impact factor than ( IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics ) for the field of WPT for EVs. Thank you so much Untitl eds.png 18.53 KB Relevant answer Anamika Das Oct 28, 2020 Answer Yes it should.Question 6 answers Jul 23, 2020 I have a grid connected 5KW system with 16 panels, with individual panel rating ranging from 36-40 V at 8 A connectedin series give approximately 500-600 V at 8 A. In times of power outage, the Inverter usually supplies power to the load. In absence of a battery unit how do we limit the excess power produced. We thought of using a buck converter to minimize production in such power outage scenarios, but using a buck converter for close to 2KW or 3KW is practically impossible and not cost effective. I did think of using a voltage reference based power limit control, but the inverter's MPPT is not taking the reference votlage. The inverter in question is a commercial one made by Growatt solutions with an inbuilt MPPT control. Relevant answer Abdelhalim abdelnaby Zekry Oct 25, 2020 Answer The grid connected inverters controls the output current from the inverter. So, you need only to set the reference current of the inverter to a smaller value. For more information about the output power grid connected inverter please refer to paper in the link: Article Simulation and Implementation of Grid-connected Inverters, The other solution could be implemented in the design phase where one divide the array into two equal parallel strings. In this way one can connect only one of the two strings to the input of the inverter when the load is reduced. Best wishes View 39 Recommendations Sreeraj Arole asked a question related to Power Electronics How to plot efficiency curve of dc-dc converter. Question 5 answers Oct 19, 2020 Dealing with LLC resonant converter simulation and would like to plot the efficiency curve. You can use any IGBT's datasheet to update the library. Efficiency calculation and plotting is also shown in the given model. Hope it will help. View 0 Recommendations Zahid Hasan asked a question related to Power Electronics Can anybody help me with fuzzy controlled grid connected PV inverter system modelling. Question 5 answers Jul 24, 2020 Hi, I'm trying to simulate a grid connected Pv inverter model using fuzzy logic controller by generating pulse from Dq0 voltage component. For filter I used LCL filter. I need some help. 1. I'm putting 769V PV input but getting 885V output which is more than input. Output power is 25KW for 50KW input. I'm not using any MPPT method and calculated DC link capacitor for 700V and getting 885V as well on dc link. Is this a problem? 2. When I simulate I'm getting huge reactive power flowing. If I fix this using Three phase reactive load THD of current goes very high up and system efficiency decreases. How can this be solved? 3. D-axis voltage in pu is 0.85 and Q-axis voltage is -0.5 instead of 1 and zero. Need help in this area also. Question 10 answers Sep 7, 2019 the dc-dc converters has two transfer functions, control to output and line to output TF.Relevant answer Abdelghani Rouini Oct 11, 2020 Answer I agree with Aparna Sathya Murthy View 9 Recommendations Yousry Atia asked a question related to Power Electronics About Inductor filter design for PV Grid-connected system. I need to design the filter inductor that couples the inverter with the grid. The switching frequency of the inverter is 10 kHz. Can anyone advise me about the best core material and the design procedure or any reference in that issue. Thank you very much. Relevant answer Abdelghani Rouini Oct 6, 2020 Answer Dear Yousry Atia; The best core material is ferrite. Regards, View 8 Recommendations Avi Patel asked a question related to Power Electronics How to generate 3 Triangular signal with 120 phase shift on Hardware. Question 4 answers Oct 1, 2020 Hello Guys This is my first post on the Research gate, thank you for the help. I am working on TI TMS320F28379D, I need three triangular signals with 120-degree phase shift for my experiment to give it to the control card, Anyone has any idea about to generate on Hardware. Thanks Avi Relevant answer Mehrdad Babazadeh Oct 5, 2020 Answer If allowed to make them with other electronic elements, first build three-three square waves by IC 4017 according to the following link: Now use three simple analog circuits to make triangular from each square wave according to the following link: View 0 Recommendations Muhammad Ibrahim Munir asked a question related to Power Electronics What are the current research areas for pursuing Master Thesis in the field of Power Electronics. Question 17 answers Feb 5, 2016 Which research area in Power Electronics will make for a good Master thesis in the field of Power Electronics. Would be obliged if someone can inform me about the ongoing scope of such research projects. I am searching for a good research proposal for my Master thesis in the domain of Power Electronics. Would be obliged, for your help. Regards Relevant answer Abdelghani Rouini Sep 30, 2020 Answer Nano technology Power Electronics. Power Electronics Applications. Electrical Power Engineering. Power Electronic Systems. View 8 Recommendations Shahin Sabour asked a question related to Power Electronics Do NPC or FC structures have power loss of capacitor ripple. Question 1 answer Sep 5, 2020 I should say that when capacitors are parallel with input voltage DC, they have capacitor ripple voltage loss cause of direct connection but when a capacitor is in path of charging current -it's not parallel with input DC- it does't have any capacitor loss as same as capacitors in NPC and FC structures. Relevant answer Amarnath Yalavarthi Sep 24, 2020 Answer Dear Shahin Sabour, Even in NPC or FC configurations, capacitors are switched in a manner to achieve output voltage levels. This causes ripple losses in capacitors.