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Bullets Chicago Manual Style [Unlimited EBooks]From my understanding, a colon should not be used after a verb (or a preposition). Also, the sentence “My service includes” is not a complete sentence by itself. If you wrote “My service includes the following,” a colon should follow. Punctuate the items as you would a list in running text.For example: sixty-nine people chose... or 69 people chose... Which is the correct choice. I would certainly appreciate your answering my question and I have no understanding of the reason this issue isn’t discussed in information concerning vertical lists. Our hope is that users can apply guidelines from other sections and use their judgment. At the beginning of chapter 9 you can find guidelines for spelling out numbers. For a vertical list, weigh the options: Are the listed items sentences, which read better with spelled-out numbers at the beginning. Are all the numbers at the beginning of a sentence. Can they be moved? Are there big, nonround numbers like 345 and 6,712, which are awkward to spell out. Look at your text and decide what style works best for making your lists readable. If numerals work best for some lists and words for other lists, you might decide that consistency need not be a goal except within a given list. I’ve always written lists with the first word capitalized and then subsequent words, not (unless proper nouns of course). A colleague believes that every word other than prepositions or conjunctions should be capitalized. After all, CMOS doesn’t have the space to write “Don’t do this; don’t do that” with regard to every possibility.However, your professor or thesis adviser might have rules that diverge from Chicago style, so it’s best to ask. In our instructional material we often have long lists of objectives. Using Chicago’s standard for vertical lists ( CMOS 6.130 ) makes them a little hard to read. Do you have an alternate suggestion.http://www.rencontres-icare.org/userfiles/cpt--ftd-355-manual.xml
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The instructional designers feel that it takes away from the meaning of the objectives when we reword the lead-in to be a complete sentence. For example, they don’t like “At the completion of this module you will complete the following.” They don’t like it because instructionally you’re not always “completing” something. Other ideas? Your job is to write the sentence so it works for them (as elegant and accurate) and for you (as a complete sentence). Ask them to supply the wording that satisfies them most by giving them a template with a blank or some multiple choices, such as “The following are (objectives.If it is just one item, should it not simply be a paragraph?It seems to me if there is one reminder it should be a paragraph.The visual cue of the identical formattingYour bullets can be considered more like decorations thanWhat if it is not a complete sentence. I appreciate the response. Me and a fellow copy editor are at odds. Please see CMOS for details on how to punctuate vertical lists and for examples that include sentences and sentence fragments. If you use a period, the list items should begin with capital letters. (P.S. I am averting my eyes from “Me and a fellow copy editor are at odds”—please tell me that this is just your fun email-writing style, or if it isn’t, that you aren’t editing anything important to our national security.) The introductory elementWhat do you think?Should each item begin the same way—forParallel doesn’tIf your items are complex, it may not be practical to match them word for word with parallel parts. To see search results from any of these areas of The Chicago Manual of Style Online, click on the appropriate tab.Your bullets can be considered more like decorations than hierarchy markers. Should a list be numbered only if the material is to be.used as a guideline for a consecutive order of information. Should bullets be used simply as an. The writer is inconsistent with the use of bullets and.order of information.http://www.conceptronic.net/pimages/cpt-therapy-manual.xml Should bullets be used simply as an outline of information in no particular. The Chicago. The Chicago Manual of Style Online. The Chicago Manual of Style is a registered trademark of The University. Mignon Fogarty One book discusses capitalization, another partially discusses punctuation, and so on. Only the Chicago Manual of Style gives the topic the respect it deserves. Marketing experts and Web designers know that most people visually scan these kinds of simple or instructional documents instead of reading every word, and that lists improve a scanner's ability to remember key points (3, 4). For example, you could use bullets to list the items you want everyone to bring to a beach party. I wish I were in Santa Cruz right now. I'd have a party and make s'mores. The list in the s'mores example is alphabetical, but if I called the pointy sticks something that didn't fall at the end alphabetically, I still would have grouped all the food items together and put sticks at the end. In marketing materials, you probably want to put your most important product feature or selling point first. I will add numbered lists, as well. There are actually two parts to this answer: the statement that comes before the list and the list itself. Both have a variety of options, and it seems no two resources agree. Here is a grammarian's advice with some examples from Teen Wolf. These recommendations follow the Chicago Manual of Style ( CMOS ), which is considered the style guide of choice for most of the US book publishing industry. It also helps that CMOS is the style guide that goes most in depth on the topic of bulleted lists. If you are writing for a company, institution, or academic organization, it is worth checking whether they have their own style manual or follow a different guide. Vertical Lists In prose fiction, the author generally sets a list as a sentence just like the rest of the text.https://labroclub.ru/blog/edifier-m1550-manual This is called a horizontal or run-in list, in contrast with the vertical (or display or outline style ) lists of today's topic. Numbered lists are generally used for items which should go in a particular sequence or ranking. Perhaps the danger they found themselves in wasn't so surprising since their plan had been rudimentary. Light Molotov cocktail. Throw at beast. Run like hell. Stiles' goals for the summer consisted of (in order) Eat Drink Be merry Punctuating the Introduction to the List Notice that the introductory statement in the first vertical list example above ends with a colon, in the second example ends with a period, and in the third ends with no punctuation. The introduction preceding a list follows the same rules as regular sentence punctuation: If it is not a complete sentence, do not punctuate the end. If it is a complete question, end it with a question mark. If it is a complete sentence, end it with a period or colon. A colon is preferred with a complete sentence that sets a high expectation for further information. If a sentence is correct without a colon, it is incorrect to add a colon to it. Incorrect: The three things that will not long remain hidden are: the sun, the moon, and the truth. Correct: The three things that will not long remain hidden are the sun, the moon, and the truth. And if the colon is not correct in the sentence in run-in text format, CMOS says to not use the colon in vertical list format, either. Incorrect: The three things that will not long remain hidden are: the sun the moon the truth Correct (incomplete sentence, no colon): The three things that will not long remain hidden are the sun the moon the truth Correct (complete sentence, colon): Three things will not long remain hidden: the sun the moon the truth Style for List Items The easiest decision to make is whether or not the items are each individually complete sentences.https://gingersgarden.com/images/canon-pixma-mg6220-manual-pdf.pdf Items in a list that are not complete sentences do not get closing punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation point). In a bulleted list, you may choose to capitalize or not capitalize the start of items that are not complete sentences, but be consistent. (See the first and third vertical list examples, above.) CMOS says that items in a numbered list always start with a capital letter, whether or not they get closing punctuation. If the items are each individually complete sentences (or questions), each item starts with a capital letter and ends with closing punctuation, as it would in regular text. The exception could be a series of complete thoughts joined into a compound sentence, as in the next example. One of the original vertical list styles is the reformatting of a single sentence containing a run-in list into a vertical list. You may choose to format it similar to the run-in sentence, starting with a lowercase letter and ending in a semicolon for each item until the closing punctuation at the end. CMOS does particularly specify using a semicolon in a vertical list, even though some run-in lists use commas. Stiles dove into the research on the history of werewolves. A study of Greek and Roman stories referencing lycanthropy shows that in the 5th century BCE, Herodotus wrote in Histories that the Neuri people changed into wolves a few days every year; in the 2nd century BCE, Pausanius told the story of Lycaon, who was turned into a wolf because he ritually murdered a child; two centuries later, Ovid also wrote on Lycaon, expanding in Metamorphoses that Lycaon served human flesh to Zeus and was punished with the transformation. Compare to: A study of Greek and Roman stories referencing lycanthropy shows that in the 5th century BCE, Herodotus wrote in Histories that the Neuri people changed into wolves a few days every year; in the 2nd century BCE, Pausanius told the story of Lycaon, who was turned into a wolf because he ritually murdered a child; and two centuries later, Ovid also wrote on Lycaon, expanding in Metamorphoses that Lycaon served human flesh to Zeus and was punished with the transformation. Some people would include the and after the semicolon at the end of the second bullet point, to make the vertical list read exactly like the run-in sentence, but others consider this old-fashioned. CMOS says the conjunction is optional. Other Styles Grammar Girl offers some additional advice, such as choosing an order for your items, in Formatting Vertical Lists. Some of her advice differs slightly from CMOS, but you might feel it gives you more flexibility in finding a vertical list style that suits you. The most popular style guide for British publishing is New Hart's Rules. However Hart's ends all vertical lists with a period after the last item. The preceding items never take semicolons. (The first vertical list example in this post would have a period after omega.) Parallel Construction One thing that all resources agree on is that list items should be parallel in construction. All list items should be phrases or complete sentences, not a mix. All list items should begin the same way—such as with a noun or with a verb conjugation that is consistent throughout.Sheriff's Department deputies get killed in greater numbers than their peers in cities with gang wars. Beacon Hills High School teachers die nearly as often, and without the sidearms to fight their fate. Hospital doctors and nurses suffer more carnage than a MASH unit. Even orderlies and custodial staff are in short supply after a monster rampage.www.dubaimotorcycletours.com/uploaded_images/files/Dr4500-Manual.pdf Not only is consistency important within lists, it is important throughout your document. Check your style guide of choice and decide your preference where there are options. Once you have decided which is your preferred way to handle a certain kind of list (such as, short item lists start their lines with a capital letter), keep it consistent throughout your document. We may add them to our Citation Quick Guide or use them in future editions of the Manual. From my understanding, a colon should not be used after a verb (or a preposition). Both of the lists above illustrate an accepted Chicago style for lists whose items are complete sentences. The two lists look different, however, for a logical reason. For instance, we could write the second list like this: Click here to let us know. Please include your e-mail address in case we have a question about your suggestion. (Please note that we are not able to answer questions personally and not all suggestions can be used.) Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) More Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) Tags: Chicago style, copyediting, featured, publishing Must ride! Quarantine... sigh... coffee! Perfection really is a work of art...... perfection takes its sweet time. Now where was I?... Train With Editors Canada Categories. There are different ways to format lists, but some general principles apply to all of them: they should be constructed in a parallel fashion, and they should be consistent. Numbers, letters, and bullet points are not required in all cases. Academic writers who use The Chicago Manual of Style will find various formats there, but four common list formats are presented here. Elements can be separated in different ways, as shown in the examples below. Download the FREE Enago Academy mobile app now! The list does not need to have a bullet point format and a punctuation mark is not at the end of the entries. For example: For example (using bullet points): This format is especially useful when the phrases include internal punctuations or the reader might find it difficult to follow the meaning. An example follows below. The lead-in (introductory) line should be a complete sentence, as seen in the example below. Do the entries use a consistent format. Is the lead-in line a complete sentence. If you find that these steps are all present, chances are that the author took the time to research the structure of lists and present them accurately. Now you can do the same. Retrieved from Here’s What NOT to Do! You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the newsletter. Learn more about our Privacy Policy. Enago Academy also conducts workshops primarily for ESL authors, early-stage researchers, and graduate students. Our advanced workshop modules cater to the needs of researchers who want to know more about the issues pertinent to successful publication. Read More. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Vertical lists call attention to the items listed, so such lists are often desirable in pedagogical and promotional contexts.The items in the list can be composed of complete sentences or fragments but should be consistent in using one or the other method. No colon should appear before such lists. The only official Web site devoted to MLA style, it provides She received a BA in English and French from Vassar College and an MA in comparative literature from New York University, where she taught expository writing. Before coming to the MLA, she worked as an acquisitions editor at Oxford University Press and as a freelance copyeditor and translator for commercial and academic publishers. No punctuation is required in a vertical list of names. If your paper is double-spaced, you can double-space the list. Comments are moderated and subject to the terms of service. If you have a question for the MLA’s editors, submit it to Ask the MLA. In this tutorial, we’ll explore guidelines for how to write vertical lists. Vertical lists are set apart from the surrounding text and are usually prefaced with bullets or sequential numbers or letters. Vertical lists can be ordered or unordered and can be introduced by complete or incomplete sentences, all of which affect how the individual list items are capitalized and punctuated. How to Write Ordered Vertical Lists Ordered vertical lists have, you guessed it, an order. That order can be based on rank (e.g., a list of most favorite to least favorite foods) or sequence (e.g., recipe instructions). Ordered lists can be introduced by a complete or incomplete sentence and are typically prefaced by numbers 1 or letters 2 followed by a period. Ordered Vertical Lists Introduced by Complete Sentences Complete sentences introducing ordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. Individual list items following a complete sentence are usually capitalized but appear without terminal punctuation (i.e., they don’t end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon) if they are incomplete sentences, phrases, or single words. 3 The book club members made a list of their favorite genres: 1. Mystery 2. Romance 3. True crime Individual list items following a complete sentence that are themselves complete sentences are each punctuated with a period. 4 The art instructor assigned three projects for the spring semester: 1. Draw a shoe. 2. Take a digital photo of a family member. 3. Sketch a nature scene. Ordered Vertical Lists Introduced by Incomplete Sentences Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence. 5 The animal shelter’s most generous donors were 1. members of the community; 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and 3. other nonprofit organizations.www.e-mogilev.com/uploads/files/Dr4500-Honeywell-Manual.pdf In the example above, the first two list items end with a semicolon because the second list item has internal commas. Style Guide Alert: APA Style The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) recommends only using complete sentences for vertical numbered list items, not incomplete sentences as shown above. 6 How to Write Unordered Vertical Lists Unordered lists are united by commonality rather than rank or sequence. Bullets normally preface unordered list items. 7 Unordered lists occasionally appear without bullets. 8 However, strongly consider using bullets whenever possible because bullet-less list items can be difficult to identify on mobile devices with responsive text layouts. Important Note: If you follow The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style), see the Style Guide Alert at the bottom of this post for clarification on AP style’s recommendations for unordered lists, which differ from the general guidelines explained below. Unordered Vertical Lists Introduced by Complete Sentences Once again, complete sentences introducing unordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. The individual list items following the complete sentence are usually lowercased if they aren’t complete sentences themselves. They are also written without terminal punctuation (i.e., they don’t end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon). 9 Mr. Heckle and Mr. Jeckle enjoy several feline activities: avoiding Bart the shih tzu sleeping on the window sill demanding treats every time a human enters the kitchen Unordered Vertical Lists Introduced by Incomplete Sentences Like ordered lists, unordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence. 10 People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including cartoons on Saturday morning, sitcoms in the evening, and movies rented from the video store. For more information on bulleted lists, please visit my related post “ Parallel Structure—The Secret to Beautiful Bullet Points.” Style Guide Alert: AP Style The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications. AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating each list item with a period even if the item is an incomplete sentence. 11 People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including: — Cartoons on Saturday morning. — Sitcoms in the evening. — Movies rented from the video store. If you aren’t a strict follower of AP style, consider using the general guidelines explained in the sections above instead of those outlined in this alert box. While the AP’s guidelines on this issue are straightforward and easy to remember, they are designed for news publications dealing with limited space and the technical limitations of news wire transmissions. Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. References Important Note: The MLA Handbook from the Modern Language Association (MLA style) follows Chicago-style recommendations for ordered and unordered vertical lists. See The MLA Style Center for more information. My name is Erin. I am a professional freelance copy editor specializing in business, research, and technical content. Notify me of new posts by email. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Primary Sidebar Are you ready to take your writing and editing to the next level. 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Our readers need to retrieve information fast. An excellent way to help them do this is to lay out information in bulleted lists. Use bullet points to list features, steps, or tips, like this list. That way, readers can skim easily. Use bold type, italics, or underlining for emphasis. For example, make all of them sentences or fragments or questions.That is, if one bullet ends with a period (full stop), end all with a period, following these rules: a. If all bullets are sentences, end each one with a period (full stop). b. If all bullets are phrases or fragments, use no end punctuation. Semicolons have been used that way, but the style seems old-fashioned in today’s crisp documents. Note: A semicolon looks like this:; Three lines is a reasonable maximum length. That way your readers can easily track the bullets and refer to them. When you have many, you may need two sets instead of one. For example, if your bullets contain a blend of advantages and opportunities, break them into two lists, with one labeled Advantages and another labeled Opportunities. Bullets communicate efficiency rather than warmth. Avoid a variety of fonts or a mix of margins. With bullet points, you can use simple structures and punctuation, and you don’t need to worry about how your sentences flow from one item to the next. This post (the piece you are reading now) would have been much longer and more challenging to write if I had composed it as an essay. No, odd as it seems, there is no punctuation after the last bullet. Thanks for asking. So if you were to use fragments with simple bullets (no numbers), “Chicago” would advise you to make them lower case. Can I keep this bullet point without a period at the end for consistency purpose. Writing won’t bleed through paper Can I leave this bullet point without a period at the end if all the other bullet points do not end with one. Thanks much! You could try to make the bullet into a fragment, something like this: Or does it has to include at least 2 sentences or phrases? My view is that using a bullet is a design decision. Other people, however, feel that bullets should be reserved for lists and that “list” means more than one item.I follow “The Gregg Reference Manual” and the “Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.” Both of them capitalize all bullet points. “The Chicago Manual of Style,” however, capitalizes bullet points only in certain circumstances. If you followed “Chicago,” you would not capitalize list items that complete the introductory words. It seems appropriate to include them even in fragmented lists that have no end punctuation on other lines. What is your sense? Maybe in parentheses. It is wordy but saves space. Using more than three or four lines on a web page causes the reader to skip over the last few lines. Did you actually read this last line? Or writers included list items in text, separated by commas or semicolons. When Microsoft Word featured bulleted and numbered lists, that changed everything. Or did it? The difference are the use of the bullets and the use of white space, which provide visual separation and which reduce the need for punctuation.Bullets set off each list item. Sentence punctuation occurs as usual. (This style is used to set off a list from a larger body of writing. If the list does not require visual emphasis, then the items should be set into regular text style.) A: Most manuals advise against using them, such as Chicago Manual of Style (6.127-30); APA (64). A: Logically speaking, a period at the end of each list-item would indicate the introductory phrase plus ANY (one) list-item makes a complete sentence. The result is an OR statement. A: Logically speaking, a semicolon or period at the end of the final item would indicate that ALL other items are part of the series concluding with the final list item. ( AND ) The vertical format and bullets set off each list item. Additional punctuation is considered to be repetitive and unnecessary. This style is commonly used when the list is independent of a larger body of writing. A: The informal style tends to use no punctuation for the list-items, and depending on the level of informality, may omit the colon after the introductory phrase as well. A: In multiple choice style questions, it makes more sense to place the question mark with the introductory phrase. If the items are numbered, a period follows the numeral and each item begins with a capital letter. To avoid long, skinny lists, short items may be arranged in two or more columns.Edited by Thomas Kent, et al., 51st ed., AP, 2016. AP, 2013, www.apstylebook.com. Use parallel construction.If you cannot paraphrase, then include a table or appendix that presents your list of items. This list shows most of the possible components of an entry for an article in a print periodical and the order in which they are normally arranged: Optionally, omit articles (a, an, the) from the beginning of list items. (Also, note exception below using a period after the into.) Some style manuals do not encourage the use of a phrase as the introductory statement. If a list has fewer than three items, use an in-text list instead of a vertical list. Apply the same capitalization style to all items. AP Stylebook capitalizes all words and phrases. Chicago Manual of Style capitalizes all phrases and clauses. This style is used to set off text from a larger body of writing. The punctuated list style is used to maintain the overall style of the document. Punctuating the list maintains the style of the larger body of writing. It is more informal. However, place semicolons after all items if the phrases already include commas.) AP Stylebook Online (2009) Ask the Editor FAQ Use parallel construction.Use parallel construction.Use a numbered list for a process in which the order of the items is important or in which all items are required. If you want to use semicolons (;) and conjunctions, delete the bullets and just write a sentence. Edited by Thomas Kent, et al., 51st ed., AP, 2016. Edited by William A. Sabin, 11th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. In fact, according to Tony Haile’s 2014 article on Time.com, 55 percent of readers will spend fifteen seconds or less actively on a page reading the article that took you many times longer to write and carefully proofread.Grammarly can save you from misspellings, grammatical and punctuation mistakes, and other writing issues on all your favorite websites. You could keep your content short, but there’s evidence that longer pieces get more social engagement and links.