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Bulb Onions Farming Manual |Free Full PDFApr 24, 2018 Tweet Share Share Share Pin Do you want to start onion farming. This is the brief guideline to start your onion farm easily and all the thing you have to know before and after setting up a farm to grow onions. Onion farming is troublesome, but you can make it easier. They are one of the most used herbs. Farming onions is a great choice for the farmer around the worlds. But they have a reputation for being hard to grow. We will try to guide you how efficiently and effectively you can begin the onion farming. Let’s Start!! Page Contents Onion Farming Information: How to Start Onion Farming. In Georgia 60,000 to 80,000 plants for each acre of land is ideal whereas around 100,000 bulbs are in focus in Texas. Nowadays onion farming becomes very popular among cultivars. There are many countries in the world producing onion. Onion is very sensitive crop as like many other sensitive crops. Before planning for onion farming you should consider the following factors which will be beneficial for greater production. We are trying to describe the onion growing procedure step by step. After stabilizing the perfect setup you have to plant onion in the field. With fertilizers depending on your soil and crop demands. Organic fertilizer is a great choice here. The next step will be caring. Cultivating vegetables and herbs is easy as well as demanding. But a good care can ensure better production which requires better knowledge about the crop demands. We share a standard guideline for onion farmers. Fertilizing the plant and control pests disease is sometimes a challenge for onions cultivator. So be careful in this stages. Finally, Harvesting it from the field and storing them in an appropriate way. Right now, There may be a lot of questions in your mind. Starting with how to and when to. Let’s find those answers below. Choosing Best Type of Onion Varieties: There are a lot of varieties of onion. Some are incredibly big (nearly.5kg) and some are small( 50 gram).http://goldengrainsdubai.com/public_html/userfiles/cplcct-slm-manual.xml
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Now the question is which one you should for your onion farm. You have to choose varieties depending on the season. And how much sunlight you can get in that period of time. Based on the sunlight availability we can divide them into three main categories. Let’s learn about those three categories and the best varieties: Short-day onions: Grows where 10-12 hours of sunlight. Suitable for winter seasons. Varieties: Georgia Sweet, Sweet Red, Granex, Red Creole, Red Burgandy, White Bermuda, Vidalia, and Southern Belle, Texas Super Sweet, Texas Sweet White etc. Intermediate-day onions: This types can grow in any season and requires 12-14 hour of sunlight. Varieties: Cabernet, Candy Onion, Red candy apple etc. Long-day onions: It requires 14-16 hour of sunlight. Thrives well in summer. The best varieties are Alisa crag, White sweet Spanish, Copra, Walla Walla Sweet, Paterson, Yellow Sweet Spanish etc. Best Season and weather for farming onion: Since every crop is depending on the cultivation season. Onion bulbs are planted in the cool season and usually cultivated during the late winter season and harvested just before the summer begin. If you want to grow onion from seeds, the session starts from the spring season. It requires some extra days to mature. The transplanting of the seedlings occurs in between mid to late spring. Red loam and sandy loam are highly preferable for onion farming. No matter if you don’t have those types as a soil. Scientifically you can improve your soil by using organic materials. Though it is not recommended in most of the cases. In fact, we do not suggest to do so. Onions are mostly grown in any soil but the soil should be loose, well-drained, and should have plenty of nitrogen. Now, determine the soil condition measure the pH and other soil nutrients. The ideal range of soil pH for growing best onion is in between 5.5 and 6.5.http://beach.domyno.cz/userfiles/cplex-manual-12_2.xml Requirements for the Onion cultivations: The other factors which can affect the production along with soil are:- You should consider the area of onion farming before you planted onion. Onions should be planted in a shiny place. Choosing a sunny area where your onion plants are won’t be shaded is beneficial for your plants. The cultivation process of onion is more or less same for all types of onion. Though different varieties require the different type of soil and fertilization. Read the instruction manual provided with seeds. Or contact nearest govt.Tools and equipment: All of those tools are not required for every farmers or farm. The modern onion farming tools are:- Rollers, Bearings, Belted Chain Sprockets, Onion harvester, Weeding tools, etc Methods of planting onion: There exist a wide range of variations of onion, depending on their shape, size, and color. Generally, Red, yellow and white are the three groups of onion widely cultivated across the world. But luckily, there are three methods of planting onion you may apply transplants, sets, or seeds. Sets are a little onion bulb that is planted rather than seed to produce a mature bulb. Sets are immature bulbs turn the earlier year and offer the most farmers choices. They are the simplest to plant, the shortest time to harvest, and the limited complication of the disease. However, they are more prone to bolting than seedlings or transplants. Roughly 15 years back, business cultivators tried different things with using sets and observed direct seeding to be more successful. Planting Onion SETS in to field: Seedlings have different diameters, so sort seedlings by size before planting. Plant the bigger seedlings set together only 2 inches apart and the small at close spacing. Transplants: Transplants, which are seedlings begun in the current maturing season and sold in groups, are available in nurseries or other marketplaces. They usually frame good quality bulbs within a short period of time (60 days or less).https://directori.p2pvalue.eu/explore/cbpp-communities/community/datasheet/edenpure-1000xl-manual They are subject to diseases. Farmers Choice is slightly limited in that case. So this is suggested for quick growing. Grow onion from Seeds: Farming onions from seeds allow a great benefit of a wide choice in cultivars. The main difficulty of starting from seeds is, it will take up to 4 months to mature your crop. In cold areas, the farmer will need to begin their onion seedlings in indoors. Otherwise outdoor. Seed Sowing method in Indoor: SEEDS SOWING METHOD IN INDOOR Remarkably tiny seed such as pelleted grain requires being sown inside. For sowing seeds, place the seeds straight on the soil surface Moreover, light aids in the germination so do not cover with soil. The seed starting mix moist need to keep a warm and moist place. The ideal warmth to grow seedling from maximum seeds is around 68-72 degrees F. It will take 2 weeks approximately to sprout seedling. Water them properly, put shade if necessary. Transplants of seedlings Plant the seedlings in mid to late spring. Seed must be planted in the row,4 to 6 inches apart. 1 to 2 feet distance should maintain between any two. An organic buffer line of 30-50 cm can be introduced after several rows to ensure healthy crops. As onion is a very sensitive plant. It requires frequent treatments of fertilizer. Onion also farms with different crops like ginger, tomato. After cultivating ginger you can Grow baby corn. In supplement of fertilizer, onions require moist, weed-free soil with a pH level between 5.5 and 6.68 which we talk earlier. To get best results, the first application of fertilizer should be about three weeks after planting and then continue with applying every 2 to 3 weeks. When the neck starts feeling soft, stop apply any more fertilizer. This should occur nearly 4 weeks earlier to harvest. You must be watering after feeding and maintain moisture as early as you can during the growing season. Onions roots are vulnerable to moisture. So they need a steady watering process to thrive without problems.http://jms-stavebni.com/images/canon-pixma-ip400-user-manual.pdf The closer to harvest time the more water will require for onion. The farmer who lives in the area with limited sunlight should grow short-day varieties, while long-day varieties seeds for whore live in areas where sunlight is abundant. Each onions need about 1 inch of water per week. Pest and Disease Controlling Methods of Onion farming: Onions are more sensorial to insects, weeds, and diseases than other vegetable crops. Every one generally expects a disease-and insect-free crop. But the maggots are the one possible pest of onion. It will discourage the adult flies from setting their eggs at the roots of the plants if you put a thin layer of sand around onion bulbs. There may be a chance to affect scarcely visible onion thrips during hot, dry weather. It causes damaged plants with shiny spots on the leaves. Thrips overwinter in weeds, maintaining the garden clear. Help you to reduce insect populations. Covering a studious mulch, such as aluminum flake, among rows may be the efficient way to deflect the thrips. The early you can discover that problem, you can spray bulbs with Beauveria bassiana or spinosad to combat thrips. A disorder called smut makes swelling up or hardening of leaves just about the neck, which ultimately blasts and drops dusty black spots over the plant. In the middle of the summer during warm, humid weather downy mildew, a purplish mold, shows up. Onions are moreover subject to pink root, it makes roots turn different colors and after that shrink, and neck spoilt, due to this reason tissues become hard and black crust. All these issues are made by fungi in the soil and can be eliminated by rotating crops and by working humus within the onion bed to accommodate good drainage. When the onion tops turn in to yellow it means it is matured enough to harvest. Use a garden fork to pull them up early in the morning on a sunny day, loosen the soil and lay them a dry airy location for two days and always handle them very carefully. To avoid sunscald, lay the tops of one row over the bulbs of another. Once the onions are completely dry, cut back the tops to one inch. Now they are ready to eat. Storing Onions To store onions select a cool, dry, well-ventilated location, such as a garage or cellar. The ideal temperature for storing onion is at 40 to 50 degrees F. When the outer skins are completely dry, clean soil and release the tops. Place them in mesh bags to allow airflow. Periodically check for any spoiled onions, and remove them to avoid deterioration of the others. Usually, sweeter onions can’t store as long as more pungent ones, so use the sweeter onions first.He loves to write about modern technology-based growing. He spends the majority of his time on his hanging pot garden and Backyard. 19 Comments Guide me in all processes. I looked on the net for more information about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site. I from west Africa Liberia. I am highly interested in this farming. At least I have got some ideas, but I need more information as a new man in this farming. Grateful for the information I have got so far. Christopher If you are transplanting, trim the tops to about 4 inches. Also, keep an eye on the watering process. Water just after transplanting. But it depends on how dry the soil is. In the full sunny day (onions dry out faster ), one-inch water for each plant par week. Additionally, Farmingmethod.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. By midsummer, you can begin harvesting individual onions. Learn more about planting, growing, and harvesting onions for an endless supply in your garden. In the southern U.S., some onion varieties can be planting in the fall. Onion sets are small onion bulbs that are sold specifically for gardening. Once planted, they develop into a full-size bulb after about 3-? months.greatstudyabroad.com/upfiles/editor/files/Dpms-Panther-Carbine-Manual.pdf If you’d prefer to start your onions from seeds, check out our tips for growing onions from seed indoors. They will sit dormant during the cool season, but will be primed and ready to grow as soon as the longer, milder days of spring arrive. Onion plants are heavy feeders and need constant nourishment to produce big bulbs. In other words, don’t plant them in the same location year after year, as this can encourage the spread of diseases that affect the crop. However, in mild regions with a long growing season, seeds are an option as well.Larger ones may produce stiff necks and go to seed too quickly. Start seeds indoors about 6 weeks before transplanting to the garden. This will help retain moisture and stifle weeds. You will get lots of tasty green sprouts, however. Here’s how to do it: Save the seeds for planting in the spring. Cease fertilizing when the onions push the soil away and the bulbing process has started. Do not put the soil back around the onions; the bulb needs to emerge above the soil. About one inch of water per week (including rain water) is sufficient. If you want sweeter onions, water more. A couple of treatments with insecticidal soap kills them. Follow the package directions. Spray the plants twice, three days apart, and the thrips should disappear. Seal it by mounding soil around the edges. The onion maggot likes to lay its eggs at the base of plants, so the netting should prevent that. You should also keep mulch away because the insects like decaying organic matter, and make sure you completely harvest your onions as the season progresses. Onion maggots are usually a problem in very rainy periods, so these precautions may be unnecessary if you have a dry season. These onions will not store well but can be used in recipes within a few days. At that point, bend the tops down or even stomp on them to speed the final ripening process. Mature onions may spoil in fall weather. Always handle them very carefully—the slightest bruise will encourage rot to set in. Spread them out on an open screen off the ground to dry. Onions may also spoil the flavor of these fruits (as well as potatoes ). Eat the sweet varieties first and save the more pungent onions for later. The border between long- and short-day varieties lies roughly at 36 degrees north latitude (aka, the 36th parallel)—north of this line, plant long-day varieties; south of it, plant short-day varieties. Day-neutral varieties can be grown with success anywhere! Learn more about crop rotation. Rinse with cold water. Onion skins actually have several health benefits, too, so don’t throw them out! Grow an Indoor Salad Garden From. Invasion of the Garden Catalogs Houseplant Care Guide A Cook's Garden: Corn, Okra. Growing Onions 5 Fast-Growing Vegetables to Try Vegetable Growing Guide Dwarf and Mini Vegetables for. Starting Onions from Seed Tomatoes I plant in early spring, and again about 4-6 weeks later to have young green onions longer. I plant them close together and thin them out and use as green onions until they are spaced about 5 - 6 inches apart. I then let them grow until they start to die back. I water my onions very well every day and they do great. I also love to grow my own garlic. Garlic takes longer and I usually plant in the fall and harvest them in early June. I brought them inside, hoping to dry them out and start them this year. Any tricks for those. I believe the are Walla Walla Sweets. Onion maggots is my nemisus. They look like leeks with a very slight swelling at the root end. I do crop rotate. They are beautiful and green and look wonderful otherwise. What am I doing wrong? Do I water and how often? Thanks Is it the same? Is this correct and what results can I expect. In the past I’ve always planted one inch deep and battled with the birds. “ Deeper than that and they will struggle to do well. As far as sweetness goes,, it's partially dependent on how much you water. I get mine from the big seed stores and they can be found on e-bay as well. It’s 85 out there- is it okay for the onions to stay on the ground in mostly full sun. Will they burn like potatoes do. Also, some of the ones that tipped earliest were rotting out the root end, any tips for preventing that next year. Any info would be appreciated. Thanks She'd always tell me to pull off the top bulbs and spread them back over the onion patch so they can make yet more onions. As a kid in Llano Texas I had brought back a start of grandmas onions, and before long, I had my own onion patch that we ate from. But after we moved I lost these onions, till I found that you can order them on amazon.com. My order came in around November I think. It was a nice number of the tiny onions that Egyptian walking onions make at their tops. Before long I had my onions again. This is here in Austin Texas now where I live, and I find that they die back in the heat of the summers. But if you keep them watered, they'll come back in the fall, and really grow in the spring. This far, I've not had much luck in keeping them nice and lush in the summer however. Anyone have any ideas as to how to keep them doing well in the summer please advise. It gets very hot and dry here in Austin Texas. Thank you. Terry J Rogers We're north of Abilene but still have hot dry summers. Last year my Egyptian walking onions struggled in the 105 degree weather we had throughout last May. There is a shade tree in one corner of my garden that is useful for veggies that don't like the heat. There was a bit of space to use and extra onion seeds as well. Remember that we have a LOT of sunshine here. The tree has heavy leaf coverage and provides a small amount of dappled sun. The onions that got the most shade have done the best. I don't know if this will work for you, but worth a try. By the way, the shade protected them from the harsh evening sun.gsisuministros.com/userfiles/files/Dpms-Ap-4-Manual.pdf I can see the tops and some of the actual bulb. Is there a way to remedy this or is it a lost cause? They are all bunched up together. Should I cut the tops off right above the roots and plant for more green onions or can I leave an inch or so of stalk an plant to get big onions. I'm not sure if that will work but I know cutting just above the root line works. The tops on both look like grass instead of the nice hearty stalks I see everywhere else. This is my first garden attempt, so I'm sure I did something wrong. Just not sure what. HELP.I know it's to late for this season but I want to try again next season. Start with sets, not seeds (seeds can take several seasons; sets are small onions and are usually available in packages at nurseries or loose in feed stores and the like). Remember that onions are daylight sensitive; start them early in spring (but see the warning about temperatures above). Keep the plot weeded and sufficiently watered. They really are relatively easy to grow. We hope this helps your next season. For a better experience, we recommend using another browser. Learn more Facebook Email or phone Password Forgotten account. Sign Up See more of Mbinu Za Kilimo Biashara-Kenya on Facebook Log In or Create New Account See more of Mbinu Za Kilimo Biashara-Kenya on Facebook Log In Forgotten account. Always carry ou. t market-driven farming. You must also constantly stay in touch with farming experts. Unfortunately, most farmers think they know it all and do not want to consult the experts in their respective fields. It is also critical to take up new agricultural techniques such as irrigation and value addition in order to maximize on profits. Over and above, though, you must be passionate and patient. You’ll never make it in farming if you’re not passionate, dedicated, and patient. These attributes have been the greatest strength so far. It is also important to always remember that while the fruits of agriculture don’t bear overnight, they reward handsomely when well tilled and marketed.Majority of crops prefer pH 5.5-7.0. When the soil is compacted, not enough air, water or nutrients can enter root zone, so plants suffer. See more Mbinu Za Kilimo Biashara-Kenya 27 July at 23:59 Importance of Pruning tomatoes. If you have grown tomatoes, part o.Reasons for pruning include. The foliage on crowded plants will dry more slowly which encourages a variety of plant problems. Plants need to be pruned so nutrients are being directed to fruit growth rather than to new leaf growth. Not only will plants produce smaller tomatoes at a slower rate if they aren’t pruned, but the overgrowth can also provide the perfect environment for plant diseases.Level and pulverize the soil to facilitate formation of beds (1 meter wide and 20 m long). Prior to seed sowing, sterilize the beds by burning rice straw on top or by pouring boiling water to prevent pest and disease infestation. Irrigation should be appliedadequately in the field right after seed sowing. Seeds will germinate at about 7-10 days after sowing and are ready for transplanting 45 days after sowing. Land Preparation and Formation of Beds Prepare the field by 2 plowings and 2 harrowings. Level and pulverize the soil to a fine texture to facilitate formation of beds. Raising beds are constructed at 0.5 meter wide by 20 m long (maximum) by 15 cm high. Transplant one seedling in each hole by pressing downward the base of the seedlings so that the roots will have a good contact with the soil. Irrigate after transplanting. Seedlings are ready for transplanting 45 days after sowing or when the seedlings are about pencil size in stem diameter, has 5 visible leaves and a height of at least 15 cm. Irrigation Irrigation should be applied after transplanting. Weekly irrigation is done or whenever necessary. More frequent watering when the bulbs are developing. Do not irrigate 3-45 days before harvesting or when 20-30 of the plant tops fall over naturally. Cultivation and Weeding Cultivation and hand weeding should be done 10 days after transplanting to be followed two to three times more to make sure that the weeds are checked and the plants do not become waterlogged. Hilling-up is done 3 weeks before the harvest to avoid greening of onions. Insect Pests and Disease Control Thrips. Abundant during dry season. Adults and nymphs rasp the leaf surface and suck juice from the leaf. The leaves appear slippery with sunken areas that later dry up resulting to weakened plant, reduced growth and lower yields.Examine closely some plants from 14 m perimeter of the field by pulling the leaves apart at the base. If attack is severe, employ chemical control Armyworms. The larvae bore the onion leaves and fed leaving the exterior almost intact. Damage is worse in weedy fields. Thorough land preparation is done to destroy the egg laying sites and feeding source. Chemical control is recommended. Cutworms. Larvae feed at night and hide near their feeding site during the day. They roll when disturbed. Purple Bloch. Fungal disease that occurs on leaves, bulbs, flowers, and survives in crop residues. Lesions star as small sunken area. With dark purple center. Infection of the bulb occurs as the plant approaches maturity. A combines approach involving cultural and chemical control is necessary. Sooty Mold. Occurs generally after the bulbs have been harvested. This is favored by high temperature and humidity. Curing the onions quickly with good ventilation is necessary. Make sure that plants are mature before harvest. Provide proper ventilation during curing, packing and transport. Fungal spraying is done to prevent fungal diseases. Spraying stars 12 days from sowing and weekly thereafter. Harvesting and Curing Harvest the crop as soon as the neck of the plants tends to fall down or when 75 of the stems are fallen over. Harvesting is done manually by pulling the matured bulbs. Harvesting bulbs are placed in the field for 2-3 days before bringing them to the curing house. However, if rain occurs, the bulbs should be brought immediately to the curing house. The curing house should be well ventilated and relative dry. Harvesting bulbs are airdried or cured 3-4 weeks until the neck is soft and dry (closed). Do not remove outer scales. Place the bulbs on racks made of tiers of bamboo, wood or netted wire, Put the racks in a well-ventilated shed. Use sharp knife or scythe and cut 4-6 cm from the bulb. Kenyan Farmers have been doing their best to address the demand andThe best areas suited for farming being Karatina, Oloitoktok. Naivasha, Kieni, Emali and Mai Mahiu. Short rains are greatFebruary. Local farmers are able to benefit during this time period,You can even plant them at your kitchenCurrently, there are two different varieties of bulb onions in theThe second one is the big looselyHowever, to maximize production in areas such as Ukambani and someOnions are a cool season crop. Most areas in. Ukambani and the Coastal region are extremely dry. Common hybrid varietiesBombay. The most popular seed variety in Kenya is the Jambar F1 sinceIf the rain inThe best type ofOverhead irrigation shouldDiseases: CommonUse herbicides to get ridIn one season, there. Harvesting onions Spring onions are ready for harvesting when they are 15 centimetersKaratina, Mai Mahiu, Emali and Kieni having easy access to theImage source: www.agrifarming.in MFarm makes no representations asMFarm will not be liable for any errors or omissions in this information nor for the availability of this. The ancient Egyptians are known to have cultivated this crop along the Nile River. There are no known wild ancestors, however, the center of origin is believed to be Afghanistan and the surrounding region. Onions are among the most widely adapted vegetable crops. They can be grown from the tropics to subarctic regions. This adaptation is primarily due to differing response to day length. Unlike most other species, day length influences bulbing in onions as opposed to flowering. Onions are grouped into three groups based on their response to hours of daylength. The short-day varieties bulb with daylengths of 10-13 hours, intermediate varieties bulb with day lengths of 13-14 hours and are found in the mid-temperate regions of this country. Finally, long-day onions are adapted to the most northern climes of the United States as well as Canada and bulb with daylengths greater than 14 hours. These onions were adapted to the temperate climate found throughout the Northeast where the first European settlements occurred. Varieties from warmer regions of the Mediterranean eventually made their way to the Southeastern United States. In particular, varieties from Spain and Italy would become important to the Vidalia onion industry. The first of these varieties came through Bermuda and were thus referred to as Bermuda onions. The variety Early Grano 502 resulted in the Texas Early Grano 951C, which became one of the parents for Yellow Granex hybrid. The other parent was YB986, which was selected from Excel, which in turn was derived from White Bermuda. The Granex name is a combination of Grano and Excel, the original parents. These mild onions were immediately popular with customers. Soon other growers became interested in these mild onions. The industry grew slowly and steadily for several decades. In addition, the supermarket chain Piggly Wiggly maintained a distribution center in Vidalia and would buy the onions and distribute them through their stores. Slowly the industry began to gain a national reputation. Growth continued during the next decade. In 1986, the State of Georgia gave Vidalia onions official recognition and defined the geographic area where these onions could be grown. There had been some problems with onions being brought in from other areas and bagged as Vidalia onions. State recognition however did not give the industry the national protection it needed. Finally, in 1989, the industry was able to obtain Federal Market Order 955, which gave the industry national protection. The Vidalia Onion Committee was formed to oversee the Federal market order. Growers are required to register and give check-off funds to support the industry. Growers should check the Georgia Department of Agriculture website or call the Department for information about growing Vidalia onions. Growers are required to be within the defined growing regions, use specific approved varieties, and register with the state of Georgia.CA uses a low oxygen, high carbon dioxide refrigerated environment to store onions. This has allowed the industry to expand their marketing opportunities well into the fall months. The adoption of the Federal market order and CA storage has allowed this industry to grow to its current level of approximately 12,000 acres. Land for transplant production should not have been in onions or related Alliums for at least three (3) years. This is not always possible with fixed center-pivot systems. Sites with a history of onion diseases and severe weed problems should be avoided, however. The University of Georgia has specific recommendations for plant bed onions. Therefore, when submitting a soil sample to the University of Georgia’s Soil Test Laboratory, make sure to indicate that they are for transplant or plant bed onion production. The site should be deep turned to bury any residue from the previous crop. Several different seeders are available for transplanting. These should be set to sow 60-70 seed per linear foot. As an example, using a Plant-It Jr.Vacuum seeders are also a good choice and can accurately deliver seed in the amounts and to the depth required.Soils in Georgia are generally acidic, therefore, if your soil pH is low, applications of lime are recommended.