Bridge Building Lab Manual

Bridge Building Lab Manual

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Bridge Building Lab ManualTo do that, we use bridges. In this module, you will have the chance to become a bridge engineer and design and build your own. You will also learn about some of the different types of bridges and how to decide which one to use in different situations. Supplies Needed The experiment is designed to be done in teams of 2-3. Each team needs this lab manual, a bridge building kit, and a book or other weight. Equipment Included in Kit: Permanent Equipment: K'Nex Bridge Kit Class Equipment: A book or other weight Procedures: The Beam Bridge Bridge s are characterized by how they support themselves. The simplest type of bridge is the beam bridge. This type of bridge has a single horizontal beam across two supports. You have probably made this bridge a number of times yourself. Any time you have placed a log across a creek, or have created a balance Page 2 and 3: eam by placing a long piece of wood Page 4 and 5: at the top of this lesson. This sec Page 6 and 7: As you can see in Figure 6, a truss Page 8 and 9: OK, let's put a cross piece across Page 10 and 11: Figure 17: A Suspension Bridge Arch Thank you, for helping us keep this platform clean. The editors will have a look at it as soon as possible. With I-beams that function like actual I-beams and a wireless load cell students can go from basic concepts of force to how bridges are constructed. What's Included See the Product Description for this item's included accessories. This complete STEM kit allows students to learn and apply engineering design concepts. They can use the included I-Beams to build bridges and structures that behave like the real thing. And with the included Wireless Load Cell, students can measure forces under tension or compression anywhere in their structures. Concepts Forces in Equilibrium Internal Forces Moments in Equilibrium Strength of Members Truss Analysis What's Included Visit PASCO's Experiment Library to view more activities.http://gikguamerica.com/userfiles/brother-mfc-7840w-manual-scan.xml

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Then, students will construct simple bridges, add weights, and measure forces to explore force interactions within a structure. Students will analyze the impacts of compression and tension on each sample to determine how length and thickness influence. Students will move weights across their structure, measure reaction forces, and develop an understanding of moments. See our collection of product guides. Browse now! Physical Science They learn the steps that engineers use to design bridges by conducting their own hands on associated activity to prototype their own structure. Students will begin to understand the problem, and learn how to determine the potential bridge loads, calculate the highest possible load, and calculate the amount of material needed to resist the loads.To design for safety and longevity, engineers consider the different types of loads, how they are applied and where. Engineers often aim for a design that is strongest and lightest possible—one with the highest strength-to-weight ratio. They determine the maximum possible load for that scenario, and calculate the cross-sectional area of a column designed to support that load. They are introduced to two natural forces — tension and compression — common to all bridges and structures. They also find out about the material properties important to bridge construction and consider the advantages and disadvantages of steel and concrete as common bridge-building materials. We know they are essential components of cities and the roadways between populations of people. Some bridges are simple and straightforward; others are amazingly complex. What are some bridges that you know that might be called simple bridges? (Possible answers: Log over a creek, bridges over streams.) What are some bridges you know that might be considered more complicated? (Possible answers: Golden Gate Bridge, other large bridges, bridges that carry both highway traffic and train traffic.http://archerelectricsupply.com/userfiles/brother-mfc-7840w-owners-manual.xml) What makes some bridges simple and other complex? (Possible answers: Their size, multiple purposes, environmental conditions, environmental forces, material maintenance requirements, etc.) To solve the problem, the people of Japan took on one of the most challenging engineering projects the world has ever seen. Since they had no land for a new airport, they decided to create the Kansai International Airport by constructing an entire island. On this new, artificial island, they built the airport terminal and runways. Then, they needed a bridge to access it. Spanning 3.7 km from the mainland in Osaka to the airport in an ocean bay, the Sky Gate Bridge is one of the longest truss bridges in the world and has an upper deck for auto transport and a lower, internal deck for rail lines. Four months later, it survived a magnitude 6.7 earthquake with only minor damage. Because the airport site is built on compact soil, it sinks 2-4 cm per year — another condition for engineers to consider in the ongoing safety and maintenance of the airport and bridge. Have you ever wondered how engineers actually go about designing an entire bridge. Bridges are often designed one piece at a time. Each pier (columns) and girder (beams) has to meet certain criteria for the success of the whole bridge. Structural engineers go through several steps before even coming up with ideas for their final designs. To do this, they ask a lot of questions. What are some questions the engineers might ask? (Possible answers: How strong would you need to make the bridge. What materials would you use. How would you anchor the pier foundations. What natural phenomena might your bridge need to be capable of withstanding?) Loads might include traffic such as trains, trucks, bikes, people and cars. Other loads might be from the natural environment. For example, bridges in Florida must be able to withstand hurricane forces.http://www.bosport.be/newsletter/3k-engine-manual So, engineers consider loads such as winds, hurricanes, tornadoes, snow, earthquakes, rushing river water, and sometimes standing water. Can you think of any other loads that may act on a bridge of any kind? For example, a train crossing a bridge and an earthquake in the vicinity of the bridge could occur at the same time. However, many vehicles crossing a bridge and a tornado passing close to the bridge probably would not occur at the same time. They split their design into smaller parts and work on the design criteria for all the components of the bridge. Otherwise, the hard work of the design might turn out to be a waste. In designing a bridge, for instance, if the engineering design team does not understand the purpose of the bridge, then their design could be completely irrelevant to solving the problem. If they are told to design a bridge to cross a river, without knowing more, they could design the bridge for a train. But, if the bridge was supposed to be for only pedestrians and bicyclists, it would likely be grossly over-designed and unnecessarily expensive (or vice versa). So, for a design to be suitable, efficient and economical, the design team must first fully understand the problem before taking any action. Engineers consider three main types of loads: dead loads, live loads and environmental loads: Rainwater collecting might also be a factor if proper drainage is not provided. Examples: The columns and beams of a multi-level bridge designed for trains, vehicles and pedestrians should be able to withstand the combined load all three bridge uses at the same time. The snow load anticipated for a bridge in Colorado would be much higher than that one in Georgia. A bridge in South Carolina should be designed to withstand earthquake loads and hurricane wind loads, while the same bridge in Nebraska should be designed for tornado wind loads. Engineers use several methods to accomplish this task. The two most popular methods are the UBC and ASCE methods.http://www.fitbikethailand.com/images/brica-camera-manual.pdf With this method, the load combination that produces the highest load or most critical effect is used for design planning. The five UBC load combinations are: As with the UBC method, the load combination that produces the highest load or most critical effect is used for design planning. However, the load calculations for ASCE are more complex than the UBC ones. For the purposes of this lesson and the associated activity Load It Up!, we will use the five UBC load combinations. A bridge member is any individual main piece of the bridge structure, such as columns (piers) or beams (girders). Column and beam sizes are calculated independently. The Figure 1 sketch shows a load acting on a column. This force represents the highest or most critical load combination from above. This load acts on the cross-sectional area of the column. Fy can be the tensile strength or compressive strength of the material. Typically, engineers assume that the tensile strength of concrete is zero. The area is easily solved for and is measured in square inches (in 2 ). The sketch in Figure 2 shows a beam with a load acting on it. This load is the highest or most critical load combination acting on the top of the beam at mid-span. Compressive forces usually act on the top of the beam and tensile forces act on the bottom of the beam due to this particular loading. For this example, the equation for calculating the area becomes a bit more complicated than for the size of a column. Length is the total length of the beam that is usually known. Usually, units of length are given in feet (ft) and often converted to inches. F y is the tensile strength or compressive strength of the material as described above. Z x is a coefficient that involves the dimensions of the cross-sectional area of the member.Most beams actually have rectangular cross sections in reinforced concrete buildings, but the best cross-section design is an I-shaped beam for one direction of bending (up and down).https://becro-plast.hr/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628728c84d64f---cafe-prestige-espresso-maker-manual.pdf For two directions of movement, a box, or hollow rectangular beam, works well (see Figure 3). Using clay, marshmallows or foam, they design and test model columns to resist predetermined loads and perform calculations to determine the columns' cross-sectional areas.Maybe you see them on roadways, bike paths or walking paths. Think of those that have piers (columns) and girders (beams). What do they look like. Can you remember the sizes of the piers and girders? (Discussion point: Students may recall noticing that piers and girders for pedestrian and bicycle bridges are much smaller than those for highway or railway traffic.) Then calculate the highest possible load the bridge might have to withstand at one time. Then figure out the amount of construction material required that can resist that projected load.) To create for a particular purpose or effect. Design a bridge. (noun) A well thought-out plan.Have each engineering team sketch a bridge to carry a train across a river that is 100-meters wide. Have them describe the type of bridge and where the compressive and tensile forces are acting on it. Have them draw in the loads and the direction that they would act on the bridge. What do they think the highest load combination would be (how many of these loads could actually happen at the same time). Then, ask for one or two engineering teams to volunteer to present the details of their bridge design to the class. All rights reserved. Encourage them to be creative and design it however they want, with the requirement that each person must be in direct contact with another class member. How many places can you identify tension and compression. How would you change the design if the human bridge had to be strong enough for a child to walk across it. What other loads might act upon your bridge?5571818.com/userfiles/files/cantabile-vst-manual.pdf After using the five UBC load combinations to calculate the highest or most critical load on the first page, they use that information to solve three problems on subsequent pages, determining the required size of bridge members of specified shapes and materials. The three problem questions increase in difficulty: younger students should complete only problem 1; older students should complete problems 1 and 2; advanced math students should complete all three problems. Begin by looking at Peter L. Vogel's website on his Balsa Bridge Building Contest at Read the May 2004 National Transportation Safety Board highway accident brief with photos.Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute, 2002. Third Edition. American Institute of Steel Construction, 2001. Third Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. International Conference of Building Officials: Whittier, CA, 1991. Find more at TeachEngineering.org. Related documents Exam 27 October 2012, questions and answers Seminar assignments - 1- 12 with solutions Seminar assignments - Problem lab 1-7 with soltuions GE 124 - Assignment solutions for assignments 1 - 7 Assignment 1 - Solutions Assignment 2 - Solutions Preview text Warning: TT: undefined function: 32SAFETY: There are no known safety issues with this experiment. Room 131 Fire Exit: Turn left and exit to bowl. Room 125 Fire Exit: Turn right and exit at NW corner of building. You must alsoYou will need to carefully read the procedure describedYou may wishYou will compare the load cell readings for various truss members with the predictions of a freeThe software will work forNote that all letters are in lowerThen, after you have derived the force for eachForce values should nowThe structure should not be stiff at the joints, but insteadInitially placing aUse the kingpost truss that you haveRefer to Figure 1 for more guidance. In order to build a structure, you need to know what kinds of external forces will affect it.https://drmarlenebothma.co.za/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628729009ea84---cafetera-filtro-manual.pdf Anything permanently attached to the structure is part of its dead load -- including the columns, beams, nuts, and bolts. Things that move around in or on a structure, like people, furniture, and cars, are all examples of live load. Dynamic loads -- from wind gusts to pounding objects -- create vibrations that can become bigger and more dangerous over time. This kind of vibration would be unacceptable to people occupying a building or driving across a bridge. Thick beams are used in structures that experience live and dynamic loads. Wind loads push horizontally on a structure. When the wind blows, the diagonal brace squeezes together and prevents the structure from flopping over. The temperature causes the beams and columns to change shape and push and pull on other parts of the structure. They give columns andEarthquake loads push and pull horizontally onThey resist loads that push or pull horizontally on a structure. They're a great way to strengthen a structure proneStructures will sink and change shape when they experience settlement load. The piles rest deep in the earth on stable, solid soil and support the weight of the heavy structure above. All structures must withstand loads or they'll fall apart. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Related Papers ICE manual of bridge engineering By yufeng nie A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTHUR RAVENEL JR. BRIDGE NEW COOPER RIVER BRIDGE By Alireza Esfandiari ICE manual of structural design: buildings By Erlet Shaqe Bridge Engineering Handbook Fundamentals By Erlet Shaqe SECOND EDITION EDITED BY By sadek sinan READ PAPER Download pdf. What other bridges designs are there. You may also like the following resources. Rocks and Minerals Unit. Science Task Card Bundle. Build a Habitat Project. Endangered Species and Animal Adaptations Project.http://www.jimenez-casquet.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628729136448d---cafection-total-1-manual.pdf Check out my shop for more great resources in English and in Subjects: Science Grades: 4 th, 5 th, 6 th, 7 th Types: Projects, Activities, Fun Stuff FREE 13 Digital Download PDF ( 1.56 MB ) Wish List Build a Bridge Project FREEBIE.Have students build bridges out of craft sticks and test them to see which one holds the most weight. Included are project outline and rubric. Included are. Can't get enough of bridge building. Here are all 5 labs included together. You'll get the rope bridges lab, the paper bridges, the toothpick bridges, the new plastic straws bridges lab and new tin foil bridge labs all in one pack. Now comes with pipe cleaner bridge!This bridge project was greatly loved by the students. For technology education classes. Advanced bridge building. Design. Scale. Forces. Measurement using calipers. Geometry. A unit all on its own. I have pictures of the student's projects and video of the testing.You will use the engineering design process to design a bridge, just like a civil engineer. Students use budgets and materials provided to create different prototypes. This slide show gives you all the information, materials and budgets for them to create. Using the pbs kids website I have students look up the bridges terminology and look at the different types of bridges. Many times, students look forward to this project all marking period. These are NGSS-aligned lessons. You will use the engineering design process to design a bridge, just like a civil engineer. Everything is included. Rubrics, Cost Sheets and all relevant material. Students will find locations and calculate cost to build bridges in our state. This pairs well with a science or math class working on a Popsicle bridge building project. This is a great STEM Project that is hands-on and students to work in partners or groups. This lesson can also become a Makers Challenge in the STEM area in your classroom during the school year. Mini-lesson. Directions. Materials list.3dtechgroup.com/uploads/image/files/cantabile-software-manual.pdf This activity includes a learning portion (reading and video), a hands-on portion (building a bridge), and a reflection portion (follow up questions). Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? Sign Up. Numerous concepts are introduced independently and then they are synthesized through a series of experimental demonstrations, hands-on projects, and computer-based simulations. The students will first examine the main challenge facing a bridge designer, which is the identification of the different types of loads that a bridge must be capable of withstanding. Specifically, they will be taught the following concepts: Then, they will look at the individual building blocks (connections, cables, columns, beams, arches and struts) that make up each type of bridge. Specifically, each of these elements will be discussed in terms of the forces to which they will be subjected and appropriate materials for their construction. Online demonstrations illustrate these points. Students can see how the efficiency of a simple structure is affected by its basic geometry. The Model Smart program allows them to design computational bridge models that can be used to predict overall structure strength and weight. This program allows the students to define the bridge geometry, choose the material properties, and apply different loading situations. After designing the bridge, a computational analysis can be performed that shows the students how their models deformed and failed under the given loading state. The judging of each student-built structure will be based upon the overall weight of the structure and its performance, which will be measured by applying incremental loads to the structure until it fails. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Concrete And Structural Lab Manuals. To get started finding Concrete And Structural Lab Manuals, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed. Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented. I get my most wanted eBook Many thanks If there is a survey it only takes 5 minutes, try any survey which works for you. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. We don’t share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we don’t sell your information to others. Please try again.Please try again.Register a free business account Not for children under 3 yrs. Please try your search again later.Unique styles that come with the set or build your own special design!Construct different types of bridges and find out how their architecture design Provides massive weight support. Discover all the types of forces applied and how engineers manage to reduce their effects. Build 9 working models such as a house, a pyramid and various types of bridges: beam, arch, truss, cable-stayed and suspension bridge. You can find easy-to-follow building instructions for all models either online or in the booklet included. The booklet provides detailed explanations of the different scientific principles applied and incorporates innovative experimental activities for hands-on learning. A quiz section is also available to challenge your newly acquired knowledge. Conduct thorough experiments and discover - how triangulation provides strength on a building - what are the main types of forces acting on structures - how do trusses work - what are the major types of cable bridges. The Engino building system was invented by Costas Sesames, a former teacher and engineer for the purpose of helping students build technological models creatively and easily to experiment and learn about science and technology in a way that includes all the benefits of play. Research grants from local and e. U. Sources helped transition The three year research project into an innovative product. Since then Engino has developed more snap-fit components such as gears, pulleys, motors, and solar panels. The major advantage of the Engino system is that it's design flexibility enables children to build simple or complex models quickly using a small number of Components.Click here to make a request to customer service.Amazon calculates a product’s star ratings based on a machine learned model instead of a raw data average. The model takes into account factors including the age of a rating, whether the ratings are from verified purchasers, and factors that establish reviewer trustworthiness. Please try again later. scicdad 5.0 out of 5 stars Note that this kit is not a stand-alone STEM course. I provided background material on the general elements of STEM and then integrated this kit into that course. The course I developed and taught fits into 20 weeks of classes. The bridge design options provide students with hands-on construction of specific structures. There are also opportunities to explore the relative strength of one design approach with another. The parts go together and come apart fairly easily. I highly recommend this as a fun yet practical adjunct to introducing students to STEM.When he opened his birthday gift and pulled this out, all the parents immediately questioned me where I found this. Please keep putting STEM toys on Amazon. My Grandson loves them, the harder the better.He loves it! And I love that, unlike with many LEGO sets, he is motivated to take it apart and recreate it in different ways.Just because it says STEMS doesn’t mean it is. I was hoping the construction process would highlight the need for support that a bridge needs to not collapse but it doesn’t. You just build the bridge, with or without support, it will work the same. It is such a dull experience that my son build it once and never touched it again.He loves it and creates all sorts of things. Its versatile so he can build put designs as he gets older too.It was perfect that he was also into godzilla and was interested in a bridge to play with godzilla. I could see him reading the instructions (or looking at the pictures). Needed a little adult help with the strings, but otherwise was able to complete this all by himself. 1 step closer to sparking that engineering interest!However there are 8 corner pieces that are critical to building most of the bridges. I received 6 that face one way and 2 that face the other, but I need 4 of each to make the bridges work. I don't know how to get a replacement but the product is worthless without 4 facing one way and 4 facing the other. Disappointed!The suspension bridge has to be tied together making for a flimsy, unfinished final product. In addition, the large build (pictured 3rd when I purchased) cannot be built with this set and I have still not found the additional online builds.Booklet has theory, experiments and even quizes. Sometimes the instructions are a bit difficult to read, but it's mostly good, and the online instructions are great. You can zoom in on the difficult parts. Great learning tool. Fun to build.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again Hope he will like it and learn by playing.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. They allow people or vehicles toEngineers build bridges overThe bridge must alsoA canyon? A river? OrIdentify theDid they replaceConsider putting yourPut together aAnother virtualBuilders oftenLook at theThe bridges are onesThe learner will then apply these. Have you ever thought of what would happen if all the bridges were closed?” Look at the similarities between the bridge types and discuss why these choices might be the most common. If comparing two or more bridges, be sure to use the books in the same order. In order to not fall down, the bridge must balance two different kinds of force: compression (a pushing or squeezing force, acting inward) and tension (a pulling or stretching force, acting outward). By balancing these forces, bridges channel the weight or load of the bridge onto the main supports. By balancing these two forces there is no overall force to cause motion and do damage. There are lots of factors to consider, but the main one is how far the bridge needs to stretch. A very short span, such as over a small river, would likely use a beam or truss bridge. While a suspension or cable-stayed bridge could be used, they are more complex and expensive, and would require much more support than would be needed. Chevy Chase, MD 20815As an independent, 501 (c)3 charitable organization, National 4-H Council does not direct or implement 4-H programs at the state or local level. Learn more about the use of cookies in our Privacy Policy.Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The labs are kept under the supervision of senior Professors with the help of highly skilled and experienced lab assistants. Below is the slight overview of what to expect from the laboratories of this department in terms of lab equipment and the tests carried out there which by no means covers the entirety of the labs. This is the largest structural engineering testing facility in the country equipped with modern testing machines and equipment. Routine strength tests of various materials like steel, timber, plastic, rubber etc.On-site nondestructive strength evaluation is also conducted. A few of the many tests carried out in this lab are tension test including wt.Routine strength tests of various materials like concrete, brick, cement etc.On-site nondestructive strength evaluation is also conducted. Various tests of cement are carried out in this lab that include initial and final setting time, compressive strength at different ages, sp.Tests on brick include efflorescence, salinity, compressive strength, water absorption etc. Other tests are sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates, determination of unit weight, fineness, sp.There are a modern computer controlled shaking table and a locally made shaking table that enables students and teachers to conduct research on seismic design of buildings and structures. The well-equipped laboratory is the most advanced of its kind in the country and have equipment, facilities and highly experienced laboratory technicians for detailed analysis of water, wastewater, industrial effluent, oil-drilling mud and cutting, air and noise quality etc. The laboratory also facilitates the model testing of water and wastewater treatment systems. Routine drinking water parameters are tested here regularly, as well as, environmental quality of soil, sludge and solids etc. Other water quality parameters like TN, TKN, TS, TSS, TDS, TOC, DOC, SDI with plugging etc.This laboratory is providing testing, services in diverse areas including quality control and testing of highway materials such as aggregates, bitumen etc.