Brdm-2 English Manual

Brdm-2 English Manual

ENTER SITE »»» DOWNLOAD PDF
CLICK HERE »»» BOOK READER

File Name:Brdm-2 English Manual.pdf
Size: 1955 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBook

Category: Book
Uploaded: 22 May 2019, 13:53 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 825 votes.

Status: AVAILABLE

Last checked: 18 Minutes ago!

In order to read or download Brdm-2 English Manual ebook, you need to create a FREE account.

Download Now!

eBook includes PDF, ePub and Kindle version

✔ Register a free 1 month Trial Account.

✔ Download as many books as you like (Personal use)

✔ Cancel the membership at any time if not satisfied.

✔ Join Over 80000 Happy Readers

Brdm-2 English ManualMuseum will be made forIt is divided into 2 parts giving in Part 1 a description of the vehicle, major maintenance instructions, and service data. Part 2 gives operating instructions. Click here to download pdf (4.6mb). Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. Report this Document Download Now save Save BRDM-2 Tech Manual En For Later 50 (2) 50 found this document useful (2 votes) 789 views 107 pages BRDM-2 Tech Manual En Uploaded by AndrewStaib Description: Technical manual for the BRDM-2 Amphibious vehicle Full description save Save BRDM-2 Tech Manual En For Later 50 50 found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 50 50 found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 107 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. It is understood that the first production batch will consist of 50 units that will be earmarked for use by the Czech rapid reaction units. As of mid-2007 no volume production of the upgraded BRDM-2 amphibious scout car had been undertaken by VOP 026.Russia is also offering an upgrade for the BRDM-2 but as far as it is known this remains at the prototype stage. Full details of this are given in a separate entry as are details of the Polish upgrade package for the BRDM-2.The turret is fitted with a TV system with integrated daytime Charge Coupled Device (CCD) television camera and an infra-red camera.In addition, this can be integrated with a higher-level information system. A portable laser range-finder is carried as standard.On the upgraded BRDM-2 these have been removed to increase internal volume as well as allowing a front-opening entry door to be provided in each side of the hull. The hull floor protection has also been improved against anti-personnel mines.http://comfortinnandsuitesbarrie.com/phpsites/vertical_living/uploads/broadstripe-phone-manual.xml

Tags:
• brdm-2 english manual, brdm-2 english manual pdf, brdm-2 english manual download, brdm-2 english manual free, brdm-2 english manual online.

The basic armour of the BRDM-2 provided protection against 7.62 mm small arms fire.In the upgraded version this has been replaced by a new Renault turbocharged diesel developing 162 hp coupled to a new ZF manual transmission and a new modified transmission for the propeller drive. The cooling and lubrication system has also been improved. A new braking system has been installed, as has a new lighting system.The large main windscreen is fitted with wipers and washers. There is also a bulletproof observation device above the door in either side of the hull.Before entering the water a trim vane is erected at the front of the vehicle and the bilge pumps are switched on.The engine compartment has been fitted with a semi-automatic fire detection and suppression system.It is also provided with a dismounted generator to power the additional communications equipment when the vehicle is used in the static role. It would typically be used in the company command post role.The former is still used by the Russian Army and many overseas armies. The latter has been phased out of front line service with the Russian Army but is still widely deployed overseas. Register Remind Posts - 8 joshtcohen (09:48 10.01.2017 ) Posts - 2 Mezcal Armored Vehicles (09:16 10.01.2017 ) Posts - 1 mspv-armored-vehicles (13:33 14.12.2015 ) Posts - 3 joshtcohen (17:07 01.04.2015 ) Posts - 2 loner (23:13 15.10.2013 ). It was also known under the designations BTR-40PB, BTR-40P-2 and GAZ 41-08. This vehicle, like many other Soviet designs, has been exported extensively and is in use in at least 38 countries. It was intended to replace the earlier BRDM-1, compared to which it had improved amphibious capabilities and better armament.The vehicle had no turret and to operate the armament the gunner had to open a hatch and expose himself to enemy fire. The vehicle was not fitted with an NBC protection system, and had no night vision equipment by default.http://drishtischool.com/webcms/broadxent-8012-v1-manual.xml The vehicle also lacked any kind of special sights, which undermined its usability as a reconnaissance vehicle.Notice the shutters over the bulletproof windows and opened air inlets. The chain drive also turned the vehicle into an 8x8 after a fashion when crossing deep mud, providing more traction than the four main wheels alone could. It retains the boat-like bow of the BRDM-1. However, the crew compartment is now further forward and the new GAZ-41 gasoline V-8 engine is in the rear. Thanks to this, the engine is much better protected from enemy fire. The engine compartment is also separated from the crew compartment by an armoured barrier.Both of them sit in front of a bulletproof windscreen, which provides them with their primary view of the battlefield. When in combat, the windscreen can be additionally protected by twin armoured shutters. When the shutters are in their opened position, they protect the driver and commander from being blinded by the sunlight and ensure that the windscreen won't be blurred by rain or snow. The commander and driver have periscopes allowing both of them a more detailed view of the surrounding terrain. The commander has six TNP-A periscopes (five in the front and one on the side of the vehicle), a TPKU-2B day sight and a TKN-1 night sight( night-vision device ). The driver has four TNP-A periscopes (all in the front), one of which can be replaced by a TWN-2B night-vision device. The gunner is in the turret during combat, but when traveling he is seated inside the hull.On either side of the hull adjacent to the crew position, there is a firing port.The BRDM-2 has an IR spotlight and four IR driving lights, as well as an over pressure collective NBC filter system. The IR spotlight is located on top of the commander's periscope. The vehicle also has an R-123 radio and an antenna on the right side of the hull next to the commander's hatch, for communication.http://eco-region31.ru/3g3jv-omron-manual There's also a winch mounted internally at the front hull that has a 30 m cable and a 4 tonne capacity. The winch is intended to be used, among others, for self-recovery when stuck in difficult terrain. A spare tire can be mounted on top of the turret.The GAZ-41 gasoline V-8 engine supplies power to the circular water-jet, equipped with a four-bladed propeller at the rear of the vehicle, which is covered with an armoured shutter while on land. This shutter must be removed before entering water. A trim board, which is stowed under the nose of the hull when traveling, is erected at the front of the hull before entering the water to improve the vehicle's stability and displacement in the water and to prevent the water from flooding the bow of the BRDM-2. While in its traveling position, it serves as additional armour.Notice the shutters over the bulletproof windows and the trim board in the front of the vehicle in its traveling position. It has an effective range during daylight operations of 2,000 m. It can penetrate 20 mm of armour at a range of 1,000 m and 30 mm of armour at a range of 500 m. It can also fire at air targets, in which case the tactical range is 1,400 m. It uses the 14.5 mm API-T, 14.5 mm I-T, 14.5 mm HE-T, 14.5 mm and MDZ type ammunition.It is fired in 2 to 10 round bursts and has a practical rate of fire of 250 rounds per minute and a cyclic rate of fire of 650 rounds per minute.Contrary to the popular belief, the BPU-1 turret was originally designed for the BRDM-2. The turret was later used in the Soviet BTR-60PB, the Polish SKOT-2A and the Czechoslovak OT-64A. There are also two air-inlet louvers in the forward part of the engine compartment's roof and four smaller air-inlet louvers to the rear. Both sides have centrally placed vision blocks.The late production version has mushroom-type vents.These include the poor ergonomic design, low level of crew protection and high fuel consumption.https://cfdcnv.com/images/brc-lpg-manual-download.pdfBecause the only way in and out of the vehicle is via the front hatches, leaving the vehicle while in combat is almost impossible, as the exiting crew members would instantly enter the line of fire of both the enemy and its own vehicle, as hatches are positioned directly in front of the turret. This was also done in the Czech LOT-B and OKV-P as well as the Ukrainian BRDM-2SMD.What distinguishes them from the BRDM-2 is that they have twin waterjets, whereas the BRDM-2 has a single triangular water jet.It was first publicly shown in 1966. It replaced the BRDM-1 in the Soviet and Warsaw Pact armies. Production started in 1962 and went on until 1989, with 7,200 vehicles produced (mostly for export).In 2004, the Polish Army operated 600 BRDM-2 armoured scout cars and vehicles based on it. Modernized BRDM-2 armoured scout cars will serve with the Polish Army for at least a couple of years.Polish KFOR units also use BRDM-2M-96 armoured scout cars and BRDM-2RS NBC reconnaissance vehicles.They were mostly used during infantry training for posing as the enemy armour. Also, the Estonian police used a specially modified BRDM-2 (See the Estonia section in the Variants section ). All BRDM-2 s have now been withdrawn from both the military and police service.BRDM-2 and 9P122s saw widespread service against Israel during the 1973 Kippur War. Israel managed to capture enough of them to use them with its own forces. Therefore, during the 1982 Lebanon War, both Israelis and Syrians deployed BRDM-2s.They were mostly used as riot control vehicle during the 2011 protests that led to the Syrian Civil War. During this war, the BRDM-2s or 9P148s were rarely seen in action, most of the usage being local initiatives of governmental or rebel units.It is used by 38 armies. The BRDM-2's enjoyed popularity on the export market because it was cheap, easy to operate and reliable. One was destroyed in an engagement with American M60 Pattons and the second was captured.http://www.marsagri.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162855ea5c8eb5---bushnell-trail-sentry-owners-manual.pdfThese vehicles, together with some derelict ones restored back to working state, are now used by the Afghan National Army.The BRDM-2 was also used by the Yugoslav Army (VJ) against the KLA during the Kosovo war.The conical turret, which mounts two machine guns (14.5 mm and 7.62 mm), is unusual in that it has no top hatch opening. This model carries a crew of four: the commander, the gunner, the driver, and the co-gunner. It also has a land navigation system that gives co-ordinate readings. Late Production version had mushroom-type vents on top of engine compartment. Final production model had two additional turret periscopes, one on top of turret and the other one on the left hand side of the turret and a TNA-2 navigation apparatus. The dispensers are normally covered with canvas and when required are positioned vertically over the rear of the vehicle. The specialized equipment consist of an automatic gas detector GSA-12, a dosimeter DP-5V, a rontgenmeter DP-3B, decontamination apparatus DK-4K and semi-automatic detection devices PPKhR and VPKhR. The vehicle retains the original armament. The regimental chemical defence platoon and the divisional-level chemical defence company use it, as the does divisional reconnaissance battalion. BRDM-2RKhb doesn't have the firing ports. This model has twin 7.62 mm PKT general-purpose machine guns instead of the 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun and 7.62 mm PKT coaxial general-purpose machine gun and usually carries only one KZO-2 dispenser. On either side of the upper hull there is a big antenna base. Contrary to general Western belief, this is actually a very rare vehicle primarily built for export. A total of 14 missiles are carried on board. This model is found in regimental and divisional anti-tank units of MRDs, the anti-tank regiments of combined arms armies (CAA), and in the anti-tank regiment or brigade in the artillery division of a front. It has a crew of 2. It uses SACLOS guidance system.BABYBASKETSONLINE.COM/userfiles/files/canon-ixus-90-is-manual.pdf The vehicle also has additional windscreen on the front between the drivers windscreen and the sight mounting. In the hull are four more missiles. It uses MCLOS guidance system. The launcher has 5 rails instead of 4. The crew reloads the launcher through a small hatch located behind it. The gunner controls the missiles through a sight mounted on the front right of the vehicle. The 9P148 can carry a total of 10 9M111 and 10 9M113 or 14 9M113. This is the standard production model. The SAM launching system with quadruple canister replaces the machine gun turret on top of the vehicle, it is capable of 360 degrees traverse and limited elevation. It is lowered for travel. The vehicle doesn't have the belly wheels. The vehicle carries 8 missiles. The crew went down to three (commander, driver and gunner).This system emits no radar energy but can detect radio waves emitted from aircraft, giving the vehicle warning about incoming aircraft and aiding in the acquisition of the target aircraft with the optical system.The layout of the vehicle was completely modified compared to the old BRDM-2, the small windows are removed and the front of the hull is fitted with new armour. The driver is seated at the front of the hull on the left with the vehicle commander to his right. The top of the hull is fitted with two roof hatches immediately behind the commander and driver. One single door is available on each side of the hull.The single water-jet at the rear of the hull is removed. The body of the ZKDM provides protection level B-32 against armor-piercing incendiary full metal jacket round with a hardened steel core. The ZKDM has a total weight of 7,300 kg with a crew of three, including commander, driver and gunner. The ZKDM is fitted with a new turret armed with a double-barrel, 23 mm GSh-23 cannon, one 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, one 30 mm AGS-17 grenade launchers, four 57 or 80 mm rocket launchers and two smoke grenade launchers mounted on each side of the vehicle.https://www.mozartcantat.nl/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162855eb356c71---Bushnell-trail-camera-manual.pdf The turret is remotely controlled by the gunner and fitted with fire control system. The ARV can carry a Kalashnikov 7.62 mm medium machinegun, NSVT Utyos 12.7 mm heavy machinegun (HMG), AGS-17 30 mm automatic grenade launcher, Adunok remote-controlled weapon station with an Utyos HMG, or a communications suite.It was recently developed by Cuba. Three large boxes with ammunition and equipment are located behind the roof opening. The vehicle also has a small radio antenna on the left hand side of the hull, next to the driver's hatch.The armament has been removed and a police lighting array was placed on top of the turret along with a cover. The firing ports also have been removed. There's also an IR spotlight on top of the turret. There are two periscopes in the left side of the turret.Furthermore, the engine is enhanced and the window layout modified.Also the hull has been stretched. Its intended to be used for fire support and air defense. This vehicle is used by the New Iraqi Army. The initial model with the large flat box on top of the engine deck is no longer in service. The current model is very similar to the BRDM-2RKhb, but has a square metal flag dispenser on the right rear. Specialised equipment consists of detection and analysing equipment MK-67P, DS-10, Gid-3, IH-95 and TMF-2. The M1992 has a crew of two and can carry six troops.To address this issue, the WKMech design team decided to remove the belly wheels and redesign the floor of the vehicle. This gives it much more space for the crew or space for two more soldiers, who can be sent out of the vehicle to recon the surrounding area, thus limiting the possibility of the armoured car falling into a trap set up by the enemy. To ensure the ability to quickly enter and exit the vehicle, doors were added on both sides of the hull. It's fitted with the PNK-72 night vision device for the driver.It replaces the original TWN-2B night vision device.http://kayakbranson.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162855eb8b9d5c---bushnell-tour-v3-instruction-manual.pdf The BRDM-2M-96 also has new seats for the crew, a new generation heater for the engine and fighting compartment, GPS and new communication equipment (including the Sotas internal communication system). It also can carry a spare wheel mounted on the rear of the hull.It also has new stowage arrangements, two-circuit brake system, 24V electrical system, two rear view mirrors on both sides of the hull and additional protection for its headlights.It has the Iveco Aifo 8040SRC 6-cylinder diesel engine, an air conditioning unit mounted on the left side of the hull, new accumulators, Fonet internal communication system, RRC-9500 radio, R-3501 portable radio and.50cal WKM-B heavy machine gun instead of the 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun. The turret also has six 81 mm Cytryn smoke grenade launchers in the front of it, in rows of three and a stowage basket in the rear. The weight of the vehicle went up to 8 tonnes. The dimensions also increased, the vehicle is now 6.29 m long and 2.43 m high. However, the width and ground clearance of the vehicle decreased as the vehicle is now 2.425 m wide and has a ground clearance of 285 mm. The vehicle also has additional radio equipment. A prototype underwent trials in 2001. It is used by commanders of anti-tank subunits. It also has mounts for a frame antennae on the right side of the top of the hull. BRDM-2 R-5 is used by commanders of reconnaissance units. It can operate evenly with other BRDM-2 armoured scout cars. It has a crew of four (driver, commander, radio operator and gunner).There are actually several upgrades with this designation. All of them have the original gasoline engine replaced by a diesel engine (GAZ-562 of 175 hp or Steyr D.245-9 of 136 hp), six MB smoke grenade dischargers on the back of the turret and some are additionally fitted with a BTR-80 style turret, new wheels, GPS etc. The version that was selected by the Russian armed forces is made by Arzamas.BABETRAVELLING.COM/ckfinder/userfiles2/files/canon-ixus-870-is-manual.pdf All models have the engine exhaust on the right side of the vehicle only. The armoured shutters on the front windshields and firing ports have been removed. Two windows have been added on the front corners of the hull. Another four windows have been added on each side of the hull (two per each). Two of the driving lights have been removed. The turret has been replaced with some kind of crate. There are two side hatches. The front of the hull has been completely rebuilt as it was replaced by a tall superstructure, tall enough to have an adult man standing inside. The superstructure has two windshields in the front and a window on each of the front hull corners. There are two small windows on each side of the side door.Modification for the armed forces of Serbia, Laos, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. Additional wheels are dismantled. With the help of new hinged armor, the vehicle can withstand a hit of 14.5 mm KPV machine gun ammunition at distances of 300 meters, side - from 12.7 mm, rear - 7.62, Mine resistance has been strengthened. The total weight is reduced to 6900 kg. New engine with 150 hp. Cruising range of 1,500 kilometers. The new fire control system has a stabilized three-channel panoramic commandier sight that can spot the enemy up to 5 km during the day and up to 3,5 km at night. In addition, a new air conditioning system was added to the vehicle, the brake and fuel systems were improved. In the cabin, sprung seats were installed, in the design of which there are shock absorbers adjustable in terms of stiffness. In addition to comfort for the crew, these seats have the ability to damp an impulse when a mine is blown up under an armored car. Changes to the internal layout of the armored car made it possible to make the fighting compartment more spacious. The gearbox has received synchronization. During the past tests of the armored car, its smooth running was noted. The amphibious capabilities of the vehicle were preserved, but significantly decreased. Now the water travel is about 2 kilometers per hour.It also has a new transmission system and new radio equipment. For the first time presented in 2005. Prototype. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Retrieved 4 November 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014. Histoire et collections. p. 51. ISBN 978-2913903166.Small Arms Survey. February 2013. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) Histoire et collections. p. 121. ISBN 9782913903166.Retrieved 30 April 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) Retrieved on 26 September 2013. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This vehicle entered in service with the Soviet Army in 1962 with the first production in 1963 and was showed for the first time to the public in 1966. The BRDM-2 is mainly used as reconnaissance armoured vehicle and still in service with the Russian armed forces and by many other countries all over the world. Thousands of vehicles will be produced and were deployed on the field during modern conflicts from 1960 until now. Over the past ten years, it has undergone several upgrades principally with a new engine and improved armor. The turret is armed with 14.5mm KPVT heavy machine gun and a coaxial 7.62 PKT machine gun on the right side. A telescopic sight is mounted to the left of the main armament. The day only sight is provided with a wiper. The turret has manual traverse and is provided with an adjustable seat for the gunner. The KPVT ammunitions can penetrate 20 mm of armour at a range of 1,000 m and 30 mm of armour at range of 500 m. The 7.62mm PKT coaxial machine gun has a maximum effective rate of fire of 250 rounds per minute with a maximum range of 1,000m. The driver is seated at the front of the hull on the left with the vehicle commander to his right. Both are provided with a bulletproof windscreen to their front, which is covered by an armoured shutter, hinged at the top, when the vehicle is in combat areas. When the shutters are in position the driver and commander observe the terrain through day periscopes around the front and sides of their positions, mounted level with the roof of the vehicle. The crew mounts and dismounts the vehicle via two hatches over driver's and commander's stations. There is one firing port on each side of the hull and immediately behind it are three day vision blocks. The engine compartment is at the rear of the hull and there are two air-inlet louvers in the forward part of the engine compartment roof and four smaller air-inlet louvers to the rear. The exhaust pipes are on either side of the hull. The engine compartment is also separated from the crew compartment with an armoured plate. The vehicle uses a 4x4 chassis with two axles. The suspension consists of four semi-elliptical springs with telescopic dual-action shock-absorbers mounted two per axle. Four powered belly wheels can be lowered to the ground between the front and rear wheels to improved cross-country performance of BRDM-2 and also allows it to cross ditches. The BRDM-2 can negotiate 60 gradients, 30 side slopes, trench of 1.25 m and vertical obstacle of 0.4 m. A central tyre-pressure regulation system allows the driver to adjust the tyre pressure to suit the type of ground being crossed. The driver can adjust the pressure on all four tyres or on individual tyres while the vehicle is still moving. If one of the tyres is damaged, the air compressor can maintain the tyre pressure until the vehicle is out of the combat area. The BRDM-2 has an IR spotlight and four IR driving lights. The vehicle is fitted with an overpressure NBC system and its air inlet is on the top of the hull to the left rear of the turret. A self-recovery winch is mounted internally at the front hull with a 30 m cable and a capacity of 4 tones. Before entering the water a trim vane, which is stowed under the nose of the hull when traveling, is erected at the front of the hull. A radio antenna is mounted on the right side of the hull near on the commander's hatch. By using our website, you agree that we can place these types of cookies on your device. Close Window Read More. Thanks to the popular movie and TV portrayal of reconnaissance and scouting tasks being performed by men in boonie hats and painted faces infiltrating on foot or high flying aircraft braving air defences, it is easy to neglect nimble ground vehicles racing across bucolic meadows on wheels or tracks to scrounge information on enemies who don’t want to be found. From the end of the 1950s, the BRDM and successor BRDM-2 armoured scout car acted as the eyes and ears of the armies of the Soviet Union and nearly forty other countries. Scout vehicle designs follow two broad reconnaissance mission profiles: stealthy and aggressive. Stealthy reconnaissance focuses on information gathering while avoiding confrontation with the enemy whenever possible; vehicles like the German war time SdKfz 222 and modern Fennek prioritize speed and mobility while possessing just enough weapons to brush past light opposition. Aggressive reconnaissance favours fighting for information and skirmishing to either back up stealthy scouts or goad the enemy into revealing his true strength; light tanks and cavalry fighting vehicles armed with low calibre tank guns or automatic cannons like the British Scorpion and M3A-2 Bradley exemplify this approach. A third category of recon (or recce) vehicle which does not fit into the stealthy or aggressive paradigm is technical intelligence gathering: the use of measuring devices for complex calculations beyond the capability of optical observation. Artillery command reconnaissance vehicles (ACRVs), ground surveillance radars and NBC (nuclear, biological and chemical) scouts are members of this category. Appearing in February 1956, its prototype was the result of GAZ ( Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod — Gorky Automobile Plant) rebuilding the BTR-40 ( Bronetransporter — armoured transporter) into a fully amphibious light scout. Just one year into its mass production run, the BRDM received a sorely needed roof to shield its occupants from the weather and hazards like thrown grenades and overhead shrapnel bursts. Normally stowed in the retracted position within its body, they were lowered via hydraulic hoists while crossing soft mud or trenches not exceeding 1.2 m. A central inflation system permitted the BRDM to alter its ground pressure but the tires were not resistant to bullets and shell fragments. Soviet tactical reconnaissance doctrine prioritized infiltrating the enemy’s frontline to identify his operational reserve and nuclear delivery systems for destruction. Being able to cross water obstacles would vastly improve the chances of bypassing hostile lookouts and the Soviet Union featured plenty of rivers; these considerations dictated the Soviet Army’s need for the BRDM to be fully amphibious. The presence of left and right mounted tubes leading away from the impeller blade into the rear corners of the BRDM permitted reversing in water. A front mounted rectangular plate, or trim vane, was raised for reflecting water away from the engine and inhabited compartment during crossings. Right rear quadrant view of the BRDM. (Ru.wikipedia.org) The room taken up by the trench crossing wheels in the stowed position and amphibious apparatus made the BRDM very cramped for its complement of driver, car commander and two — three scouts. The presence of these mobility aides also precluded installation of side and rear doors so the BRDM’s inhabitants had to climb over their mount through roof hatches — a death sentence when under fire or if the car flipped over on its roof. Debuting in 1960, the 2P27 mounted a trio of 3M6 Shmel (bumblebee) wire guided missiles. MCLOS systems required the operator to use a joystick to steer the missile till impact by visually following its launch flare, which was problematic when the intended target and its companions took evasive action or began shooting back. Table of BRDM tank destroyer variants (Author) Notable as the first guided missile armament for Soviet armed helicopters, the radio command guided 3M11 Falanga (phalanx) was fitted on the 2P32, introduced in 1962. However, its radio command guidance was susceptible to electronic jamming and its 31 kg weight made it more onerous to handle than the 24 kg Shmel. As the Cold War was dominated by the anticipation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) usage, the Soviet Army required special mission vehicles to detect environmental defilement by their foul residue. These racks held several flags with the pointed ends pointing downwards prior to emplacement. Upon a crew member pressing a button from inside the car, a pyrotechnic charge shot the flag pole into the ground. Its focus on stealthy reconnaissance — speed at the expense of armament — went too far with its single SGMB 7.62x54 (R) mm machine gun which the gunner had to expose himself to operate. Contributing to the car’s protracted development were GAZ SKB’s concurrent work on the BTR-60P armoured personnel carrier, creating a compatible transmission and cooling method for the new engine which was shredding the existing gears and cooking the crew compartment beyond 40?C.